Make more knowledge even in less time every day. You may not always spend your time and money to go abroad and get the experience and knowledge by yourself. Reading is a good alternative to do in getting this desirable knowledge and experience. You may gain many things from experiencing directly, but of course it will spend much money. So here, by reading a textbook of oral pathology, you can take more advantages with limited budget.

A textbook of oral pathology: William G. Shafer, D.D.S., Maynard K. Hine, D.D.S., Barnet M. Levy, D.D.S., and Charles E. Tomich, D.D.S., ed. 4, Philadelphia, 1983, W. B. Saunders Co. 917 pages. $36.50

Premenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding and risk of endometrial cancer

Deriving from the Greek word λeιχήν for "tree moss" and the Latin word planus for "planar," lichen planus is a relatively uncommon and heterogeneous cutaneous disorder that typically develops in middle-aged adults. Despite the significant clinical burden associated with the disorder, little well-conducted molecular research has been undertaken, possibly because of heterogeneity impeding consistent and confident phenotyping. The multiple variants of lichenoid disease bear overlapping clinical and pathologic features despite manifesting as distinct clinical disorders. The first article in this 2-part continuing medical education series provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical and pathologic characteristics of cutaneous lichenoid dermatoses and links these manifestations to recent advances in our understanding of the underlying pathobiology of such diseases.

Lichen planus and lichenoid dermatoses: Clinical overview and molecular basis.

A textbook that addresses the broad area of the pathology of head and neck diseases has been lacking in the field of otolaryngology–head and neck surgery. Batsakis' textbook Tumors of the Head and Neck has been the classic in our field but restricts itself to neoplastic or neoplasticlike disorders. In the area it covers, it still remains the classic work. Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck is composed of 28 chapters written in two volumes by 24 contributors. Dr Barnes has written or contributed to 12 of the 28 chapters. This creates a sense that this book is a personal statement of his views. There are numerous illustrations in all the chapters. The quality of the illustrations is good overall, but they would be greatly enhanced if they were printed in color (no longer prohibited by cost). One organizational feature of this book that I particularly like is the

Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck

Geographic tongue is a chronic, inflammatory, and immune-mediated oral lesion of unknown etiology. It is characterized by serpiginous white areas around the atrophic mucosa, which alternation between activity, remission and reactivation at various locations gave the names benign migratory glossitis and wandering rash of the tongue. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with frequent cutaneous involvement and an immunogenetic basis of great importance in clinical practice. The association between geographic tongue and psoriasis has been demonstrated in various studies, based on observation of its fundamental lesions, microscopic similarity between the two conditions and the presence of a common genetic marker, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) HLA-C*06. The difficulty however in accepting the diagnosis of geographic tongue as oral psoriasis is the fact that not all patients with geographic tongue present psoriasis. Some authors believe that the prevalence of geographic tongue would be much greater if psoriatic patients underwent thorough oral examination. This study aimed to develop a literature review performed between 1980 and 2014, in which consultation of theses, dissertations and selected scientific articles were conducted through search in Scielo and Bireme databases, from Medline and Lilacs sources, relating the common characteristics between geographic tongue and psoriasis. We observed that the frequency of oral lesions is relatively common, but to establish a correct diagnosis of oral psoriasis, immunohistochemical and genetic histopathological analyzes are necessary, thus highlighting the importance of oral examination in psoriatic patients and cutaneous examination in patients with geographic tongue.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abd/v91n4/0365-0596-abd-91-04-0410.pdf

Geographic tongue and psoriasis: clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and genetic correlation - a literature review.

Background: Perimenopause, also called the menopausal transition, is the interval in which a woman's body makes a natural shift from more-or-less regular cycles of ovulation and menstruation toward permanent infertility, or menopause. Materials and Methods: A retrospective age specific comparative analysis of 219 perimenopausal women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding was done who underwent endometrial sampling during a 4-year period from January 2008 to April 2012 at the Hakeem Abdul Hameed Centenary Hospital. Endometrial tissue collected by sampling procedures such as dilatation and curettage (D and C), endometrial biopsy and fractional curettage had been sent to the pathology laboratory for evaluation. Results: The most common clinical presentation was represented by menorrhagia (46.4%) followed by metrorrhagia (20%), menometrorrhagia, polymenorrhea, polymenorrhagia among others. Evaluation of the endometrium revealed various patterns on histopathology, functional causes accounted for majority of the diagnosis. Secretory endometrium seen in 71 cases (32.4%) was the most common. While proliferative endometrium on histopathology was the second most common diagnosis; seen in 67 patients (30.5%). Endometrial hyperplasia was seen in 24 (10.9%) cases out of which simple hyperplasia without atypia was seen in 19, complex hyperplasia without atypia was seen in 4 and complex hyperplasia with atypia was seen in 1 case. The other diagnoses, which accounted for the rest of the functional causes of atypical uterine bleeding, were disordered proliferative endometrium 15 cases (6.8%), luteal phase defects 3 cases (1.3%). Conclusion: Atypical uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women is most commonly dysfunctional in origin. In addition, a significant number show underlying organic pathologies thereby highlighting the importance of endometrial curetting and biopsy as a diagnostic procedure in the evaluation.

Morphological spectrum of endometrial pathology in middle-aged women with atypical uterine bleeding: A study of 219 cases

Background: AUB is one of the most common problems in women of all ages especially those in the peri-menopausal age group. The abnormal bleeding can be caused by a wide variety of disorders and it is one of the commonest complaints leading to endometrial sampling. Objectives: Our study aimed at determining the types and frequencies of endometrial pathologies in patients presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding at our hospital which caters largely to women of low socioeconomic status. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted at the Hakeem Abdul Hameed Centenary Hospital, New Delhi. This was a retrospective age specific comparative analysis of 638 women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding, who underwent endometrial sampling at our hospital. The pattern of endometrial histopathological changes were identified and classified. Results: Age of the patients ranged from 15 to 70 years, maximum patients (35.89 %) in the age group 41-50 years. The most common clinical presentation was represented by menorrhagia (41%) Various patterns on histopathology were secretory endometrium(28.99%)the commonest, followed by proliferative endometrium (24.92%). Incidence of malignancy was low in the present study. Conclusion: Endometrial curetting and biopsy is an important diagnostic procedure in evaluation of AUB.. Endometrial causes of AUB are age related, therefore it is specially recommended in women of the perimenopausal age presenting with AUB, to rule out preneoplasia and malignancy.

/pdf/atypical-uterine-bleeding-histopathological-audit-of-t95dxmurxd.pdf

Atypical uterine bleeding-Histopathological audit of endometrium A study of 638 cases

Objectives: Hematological changes are among the most common complications encountered in malaria This study analyzes and statistically evaluates the hematological changes as a diagnostic test for malaria in patients with acute febrile illness and whether these could guide the physician to institute specific antimalarial treatment Methods: The present study was an observational study, conducted from January to December 2012 A total of 723 patients presenting with acute febrile illness at our hospital were evaluated A complete blood count and malarial parasite microscopy were performed for each patient Results: The findings showed that 172 out of 723 patients (24%) were diagnosed to have malaria by positive smear report There were 121 males and 51 females with a male to female ratio of 23:1 Maximum number of cases were seen in the 20-30 years age group There was a statistically significant reduction in hemoglobin (p (p ( <0005), platelet count (p <0005), platelet count (p <0005), platelet count ( <0001) and total leukocyte count (p (p ( <0001) levels in patients with malaria compared to those without the disease Likelihood ratios for a positive result of platelets (62) and total leukocyte count (34) was relevant as compared to hemoglobin (161) and Red cell distribution width (179) The negative predictive values for hemoglobin (79%), total leukocyte count (86%), platelets (94%) and Red cell distribution width (93%) were significant Red cell distribution width values were found to be higher in patients with malaria than in patients without malaria (p (p ( <0001) Conclusion: This study revealed that routinely used laboratory findings such as hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelet counts and even red cell distribution width values can provide a diagnostic clue in a patient with acute febrile illness in endemic areas, thus increasing the probability of malaria and enhancing prompt initiation of treatment

/pdf/an-analysis-of-hematological-parameters-as-a-diagnostic-test-1gcej5d2kx.pdf

An Analysis of Hematological Parameters as a Diagnostic test for Malaria in Patients with Acute Febrile Illness: An Institutional Experience

.- A cross sectional study was carried out at various hospitals of Faisalabad city. The aim of current study was to investigate the prevalence of β-thalassemia disease in hospital population related to age, consanguinity and anti-HCV antibody positivity. For this purpose, 300 patients were interviewed for the different parameters including specific type of β-thalassemia disease, their family history together with information about their sibs and offspring. Results demonstrated that males were significantly (P<0.001) more affected than females. In total hospital population, β-thalassemia major (97%) was more frequent than thalassemia intermedia (7%). The highest representation of β-thalassemic patients (34.33%) was observed between 3-5 years of age groups, whereas affected patients were the highest from 1 st birth order (32.90%) and the lowest from 8 th birth order (0.64%). The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies positivity was 65.0% among all β-thalassemic patients. Distribution of β-thalassemia patients among different surnames showed the highest percentage in Rajpoots (25.62%) and lowest in Baloach (3.30%). In consanguine studies, outcome of first cousin marriages result was higher β-thalassemia affliction than in unrelated outcomes. The coefficient of inbreeding among parents of β-thalassemic patient (F=0.0455) was also observed high. In conclusion, higher total consanguinity rate and coefficient of inbreeding among thalassemic patients indicated genetic basis of the disease. However, higher anti-HCV positivity among patients reflects the poor facilities of transfusion.

/pdf/prevalence-of-b-thalassemic-patients-associated-with-4qmjhq1p5w.pdf

Prevalence of β-thalassemic patients associated with consanguinity and anti-HCV - antibody positivity - a cross sectional study.

Background and Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major health problem in developing countries like India. Abdominal TB is defined as an infection of the peritoneum, or hollow or solid abdominal organs with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most frequent sites of extrapulmonary involvement in TB. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of laboratory investigations in the diagnosis of abdominal TB. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 300 patients admitted to various departments of our hospital from November 2005 to October 2007. Detailed histories and thorough clinical examinations together with relevant hematological, biochemical, cytological, radiological, and histopathological investigations were carried out in suspected cases of Koch's abdomen. Results: Erythrocyte sedimentation rates with positive results were seen in 79.3% patients. Serological test enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed on only 30 patients and was found to be positive for IgG, and IgM in 25 cases with a sensitivity of 83%. Thirteen out of 15 cases were positive for adenosine deaminase done on ascitic fluid. The results of the two patients who underwent Mtb polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were consistent with TB. Out of 21 image-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) cases, 10 (48%) of the positive cases showed caseating necrosis while 7 (33%) had noncaseous necrosis. Stain for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) was performed on all cases and was positive in 42 cases (38.8%). Lymph node biopsy was done in 95% of the cases. Conclusions: Serological investigations have a limited value, while PCR is a highly specific test. Since cost restricts its use, only two patients in our study could afford it. BACTEC is more sensitive and faster than culture techniques for the diagnosis of mycobacterial infections. FNAC is a reliable, cost effective alternative, and 81% diagnostic yield in the present study suggests that ultrasound guidance is a useful tool. Histopathological evaluation with positive AFB staining remains the gold standard for diagnosing abdominal TB. However, although the demonstration of AFB in aspirates and tissue sections is a definitive diagnostic method for TB, the positivity for AFB is variable.

Safia Rana

Papers

Morphological spectrum of endometrial pathology in middle-aged women with atypical uterine bleeding: A study of 219 cases

Atypical uterine bleeding-Histopathological audit of endometrium A study of 638 cases

An Analysis of Hematological Parameters as a Diagnostic test for Malaria in Patients with Acute Febrile Illness: An Institutional Experience

Prevalence of β-thalassemic patients associated with consanguinity and anti-HCV - antibody positivity - a cross sectional study.

The role of laboratory investigations in evaluating abdominal tuberculosis.