世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.2307%2F3343168.pdf

Development as Freedom

The Lancet Commission on pollution and health

This paper aims to present a theoretical survey of the capability approach in an interdisciplinary and accessible way. It focuses on the main conceptual and theoretical aspects of the capability approach, as developed by Amartya Sen, Martha Nussbaum, and others. The capability approach is a broad normative framework for the evaluation and assessment of individual well‐being and social arrangements, the design of policies, and proposals about social change in society. Its main characteristics are its highly interdisciplinary character, and the focus on the plural or multidimensional aspects of well‐being. The approach highlights the difference between means and ends, and between substantive freedoms (capabilities) and outcomes (achieved functionings).

The Capability Approach: a theoretical survey

政治自由主义 = Political liberalism

Page Introduction ........................................................................................................................41 The capability approach: conceptual roots .........................................................................43 Commodities, functionings and capability..........................................................................43 Utilitarian calculus versus objective deprivation ................................................................44 Ambiguities, precision and relevance .................................................................................45 Quality of life, Basic needs and capability .........................................................................46 Rawls, primary goods and freedoms...................................................................................47 Freedom, capability and data limitations ............................................................................48 Inequality, class and gender................................................................................................51 Conclusion ..........................................................................................................................54

Development as Capability Expansion

Amartya Sen's ideas constitute the core principles of a development approach that has evolved in the Human Development Reports. This approach is a "paradigm" based on the concept of well-being that can help define public policy, but does not embody a set of prescriptions. The current movement from an age of development planning to an age of globalization has meant an increasing attention to agency aspects of development. While earlier Human Development Reports emphasized measures such as the provision of public services, recent ones have focused more on people's political empowerment. This paper reflects on Sen's work in light of this shift in emphasis. Gender analysis has been central to the development of the new agency-driven paradigm, and gender equity is a core concern. A gender perspective has also helped highlight important aspects of this paradigm, such as the role of collective agency in promoting development.

The human development paradigm: operationalizing sen's ideas on capabilities

The political origins of health inequity: prospects for change

Human Development Report 2001: Making new technologies work for human development

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) differ from the MDGs in purpose, concept, and politics. This article focuses on the gender agenda in the SDGs as a reflection on the shifts from the MDGs to the SDGs. It argues that the SDGs address several of the key shortcomings of the MDGs and incorporate a broader and more transformative agenda that more adequately reflects the complex challenges of the 21st century, and the need for structural reforms in the global economy. The SDGs also reverse the MDG approach to global goal setting and the misplaced belief in the virtues of simplicity, concreteness, and quantification. While the SDGs promise the potential for a more transformative agenda, implementation will depend on continued advocacy on each of the targets to hold authorities to account.

From the Millennium Development Goals to the Sustainable Development Goals: shifts in purpose, concept, and politics of global goal setting for development

Sakiko Fukuda-Parr

Papers

Development as Capability Expansion

The human development paradigm: operationalizing sen's ideas on capabilities

The political origins of health inequity: prospects for change

Human Development Report 2001: Making new technologies work for human development

From the Millennium Development Goals to the Sustainable Development Goals: shifts in purpose, concept, and politics of global goal setting for development