世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.2307%2F3343168.pdf

Development as Freedom

The Lancet Commission on pollution and health

This paper aims to present a theoretical survey of the capability approach in an interdisciplinary and accessible way. It focuses on the main conceptual and theoretical aspects of the capability approach, as developed by Amartya Sen, Martha Nussbaum, and others. The capability approach is a broad normative framework for the evaluation and assessment of individual well‐being and social arrangements, the design of policies, and proposals about social change in society. Its main characteristics are its highly interdisciplinary character, and the focus on the plural or multidimensional aspects of well‐being. The approach highlights the difference between means and ends, and between substantive freedoms (capabilities) and outcomes (achieved functionings).

The Capability Approach: a theoretical survey

政治自由主义 = Political liberalism

The Southern origins of sustainable development goals: Ideas, actors, aspirations

This paper uses Sen's capability approach to explore whether there are inherent contradictions between human rights and development. Sen's capability and human development approach provides a conceptual framework within which human rights principles can be incorporated into development planning and action because his theory of development as capability expansion defines the ultimate purpose of development as the expansion of human freedom). The 'human rights based approach' has gained momentum as an idea and is being adopted by several international NGOs and donor agencies in their development work. Yet many development practitioners and economists remain sceptical of this approach and its implementation has been partial. To assess the spread of this approach in government policy, the paper analysed Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers for 55 countries and finds only a few substantially engages with human rights as a development objective or integrate human rights principles into development strategies. The paper reviews the theoretical critiques and concludes that the obstacles to further implementation do not lie with inherent contradictions between human rights principles and development but with gaps in practical approaches. In particular, it identifies interpretation of the principle of indivisibility as a major obstacle; the absolutist interpretation leads to positions that amount to little more than sloganeering that undermines the credibility of the approach. More work is needed to analyse norms of human rights that relate to the duty bearer to promote human rights in development in economic, social and governance policies.

Human Rights and Human Development

This special issue explores the workings of global goals as an instrument of global governance by numbers. These goals can alter power relations, affect the distribution of resources, reorganize na...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19452829.2019.1669144

Introduction—Data, Knowledge, Politics and Localizing the SDGs

Introduction: Genetically Modified Crops and National Development Priorities * Emergence and Global Spread of GM Crops: Explaining the Role of Institutional Change * US: Leading Science, Technology and Commercialization * Europe: Turning Against Agricultural Biotechnology in the Late 1990s * West and Central Africa: Strategizing Biotechnology for Food Security and Poverty Reduction * Part II: GM Crops for Development: The Experience of Argentina, Brazil, China, India, South * Argentina: Adopting RR Soy, Economic Liberalization, Global Markets and Socio-economic Consequences * Brazil: Confronting the Challenges of Global Competition and Protecting Biodiversity * China: Emerging Public Sector Model for GM Crop Development * India: Confronting the Challenge - The Potential of Genetically Modified Crops for the Poor * South Africa: Revealing the Potential and Obstacles, the Private Sector Model and Reaching the Traditional Sector * Part III: Comparing and Analysing Developing Country Experiences * Institutional Changes in Argentina, Brazil, China, India and South Africa * The Role of Government Policy: For Growth, Sustainability and Equity

The Gene Revolution: GM Crops and Unequal Development

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were criticised for failing to address the issue of governance, and the associated notions of responsibility and accountability. The Sustainable Development Goals, we argue, need to recognise the structural constraints facing poor countries – the power imbalances in the global economic system that limit their ability to promote the prosperity and well-being of their people, as was clearly brought out by the Commission on Global Governance for Health, of which we were both members [Ottersen, O. P., J. Dasgupta, C. Blouin, Paulo Buss, Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong, Julio Frenk, Sakiko Fukuda-Parr, et al. 2014. “The Political Origins of Health Inequality: Prospects for Change.” Lancet 383: 630–667]. This article is divided into three parts. We begin by making the case for a global justice perspective which emphasises the responsibility – and hence also accountability – of international organisations and rule-making bodies. We next demonstrate the limitations of accountabi...

/pdf/post-2015-a-new-era-of-accountability-1s2mcd8tev.pdf

Sakiko Fukuda-Parr

Papers

The Southern origins of sustainable development goals: Ideas, actors, aspirations

Human Rights and Human Development

Introduction—Data, Knowledge, Politics and Localizing the SDGs

The Gene Revolution: GM Crops and Unequal Development

Post 2015: a new era of accountability?