In recent years, the aspect of vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is becoming an interesting research area; VANET is a mobile ad hoc network considered as a special case of mobile ad hoc network (MANET). Similar to MANET, VANET is characterized as autonomous and self-configured wireless network. However, VANET has very dynamic topology, large and variable network size, and constrained mobility; these characteristics led to the need for efficient routing and resource saving VANET protocols, to fit with different VANET environments. These differences render traditional MANET's protocols unsuitable for VANET. The aim of this work is to give a survey of the VANETs routing mechanisms, this paper gives an overview of Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) and the existing VANET routing protocols; mainly it focused on vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication and protocols. The paper also represents the general outlines and goals of VANETs, investigates different routing schemes that have been developed for VANETs, as well as providing classifications of VANET routing protocols (focusing on two classification forms), and gives summarized comparisons between different classes in the context of their methodologies used, strengths, and limitations of each class scheme compared to other classes. Finally, it extracts the current trends and the challenges for efficient routing mechanisms in VANETs.

http://www.issr-journals.org/links/papers.php?journal=ijias&application=pdf&article=IJIAS-13-122-09

A Survey of Vehicular Ad hoc Networks Routing Protocols

Vehicular social networks (VSNs), viewed as the integration of traditional vehicular networks and social networks, are promising communication platforms based on the development of intelligent vehicles and deployment of intelligent transportation systems. Passengers can obtain information by searching over Internet or querying vehicles in proximity through intra-vehicle equipment. Hence, the performance of content dissemination in VSNs heavily relies on inter-vehicle communication and human behaviors. However, privacy preservation always conflicts with the usability of individual information in VSNs. The highly dynamic topology and increasing kinds of participants lead to potential threats for communication security and individual privacy. Therefore, the privacy-preserving solutions for content dissemination in VSNs have become extremely challenging, and numerous researches have been conducted recently. Compared with related surveys, this article provides the unique characteristics of privacy-preserving requirements and solutions for content dissemination in VSNs. It focuses on: 1) a comprehensive overview of content dissemination in VSNs; 2) the privacy issues and potential attacks related to content dissemination; and 3) the corresponding solutions based on privacy consideration. First, the characteristics of VSNs, content dissemination and its solutions in VSNs are revealed. Second, the privacy issues for content dissemination in the current VSN architecture are analyzed and classified according to their features. Various privacy-preserving content dissemination schemes, attempting to resist distinct attacks, are also discussed. Finally, the research challenges and open issues are summarized.

Privacy-Preserving Content Dissemination for Vehicular Social Networks: Challenges and Solutions

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are seen as the key enabling technology of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). In addition to safety, VANETs also provide a cost-effective platform for numerous comfort and entertainment applications. A pragmatic solution of VANETs requires synergistic efforts in multidisciplinary areas of communication standards, routings, security and trust. Furthermore, a realistic VANET simulator is required for performance evaluation. There have been many research efforts in these areas, and consequently, a number of surveys have been published on various aspects. In this article, we first explain the key characteristics of VANETs, then provide a meta-survey of research works. We take a tutorial approach to introducing VANETs and gradually discuss intricate details. Extensive listings of existing surveys and research projects have been provided to assess development efforts. The article is useful for researchers to look at the big picture and channel their efforts in an effective way.

How Close are We to Realizing a Pragmatic VANET Solution? A Meta-Survey

Networking at any time and any place paves the way for a large number of possible applications in ad hoc networks, from disaster relief in remote areas to network extension. Thus, for the past decades, many works have been proposed trying to make ad hoc networks a reality. The importance of broadcasting in networking and the broadcast nature of the wireless medium have encouraged researchers to join their efforts on designing efficient dissemination algorithms for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). The many different challenges that MANETs face, such as limited network resources, network partitions, or energy restrictions, gave rise to many different approaches to overcome one or more of those problems. Therefore, literature reveals a huge variety of techniques that have been proposed for efficient message dissemination. In this article, we make an in-depth review of the existing state-of-the-art techniques, as well as propose a new taxonomy that provides a global overview of the most relevant existing algorithms.

Survey on Broadcast Algorithms for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications also known as vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) allow vehicles to cooperate to increase driving efficiency and safety on the roads. In particular, they are forecasted as one of the key technologies to increase traffic safety by providing useful traffic services. In this scope, vehicle-to-vehicle dissemination of warning messages to alert nearby vehicles is one of the most significant and representative solutions. The main goal of the different dissemination strategies available is to reduce the message delivery latency of such information while ensuring the correct reception of warning messages in the vehicle’s neighborhood as soon as a dangerous situation occurs. Despite the fact that several dissemination schemes have been proposed so far, their evaluation has been done under different conditions, using different simulators, making it difficult to determine the optimal dissemination scheme for each particular scenario. In this paper, besides reviewing the most relevant broadcast dissemination schemes available in the recent literature, we also provide a fair comparative analysis by evaluating them under the same environmental conditions, focusing on the same metrics, and using the same simulation platform. Overall, we provide researchers with a clear guideline of the benefits and drawbacks associated with each scheme.

/pdf/a-survey-and-comparative-study-of-broadcast-warning-message-14j4le8p3j.pdf

A Survey and Comparative Study of Broadcast Warning Message Dissemination Schemes for VANETs

In Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks VANETs, a multitude of applications need to address not a single vehicle on the road, nor the whole totality of vehicles, but only a community of vehicles which share the same geographic location for the purpose of safety, traffic efficiency, advertising or infotainment. The goal is to transmit data from a unique source node to a set of destination nodes satisfying a set of geographic criteria. Geocast routing protocol in VANETs appear to be the most appropriate routing technique for these applications. In this investigation, we introduce some existing Geocast routing protocols for VANETs and then we provide a classification of these protocols based on the used relay selection technique. We present a comparison of these Geocast routing protocols according to different criteria and finally, we highlight some directions we are considering for our Geocast routing solution for VANETs.

Geocast Routing Protocols for VANETs: Survey and Guidelines

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are characterized by highly speed nodes, highly dynamic topology and frequent link disconnections. This raises a number of challenges especially in the field of data dissemination. Our study focuses on Geocast routing which consists of routing a message from a unique source vehicle to all vehicles located in a well geographically defined destination area called ZOR (Zone Of Relevance). In this work, we introduce some existing Geocast routing protocols for VANETs as well as a classification of these protocols based on the relay selection technique they use. We then provide a comparison of these protocols according to different criteria. While in literature ZORs are often assumed to be of any form and still chosen according to the scenarios and motivation needs of the authors [1], we consider a ZOR as a set of sub-ZORs and we choose simple geometrical forms for each sub-ZOR so that they would be easy to implement and to represent mathematically. We provide a geometrical vision angles based technique to define if two sub-ZORs are in the same direction in order to send them a single message, and hence, reduce messages overhead. Finally, we introduce a new routing protocol in Sub-ZORs (GeoSUZ) for VANETs based on our geometrical vision angles and greedy forwarding techniques. We compare GeoSUZ to GPSR routing protocol [3] and some numerical results show a significant gain in term of number of messages sent over the network.

/pdf/geocast-routing-protocols-for-vanets-survey-and-geometry-1e4okcgsn3.pdf

Geocast Routing Protocols for VANETs: Survey and Geometry-Driven Scheme Proposal

Recent Advances in technology has led to the development of small, intelligent, wearable sensors capable of remotely performing critical health monitoring tasks and then transmitting patient's data back to health care centers over wireless medium. In this paper, we propose in first step to study the issues related to the acquisition of medical information concerning a patient via a set of wireless sensors embedded in the patient himself. Secondly, we focus on treatment and use of this information either by a local contractor equipment (personal coordinator) with a capacity of calculation or offset after transfer in 3G and/or WiFi connection to a data server based at the attending physician or hospital.

Salim Allal

Papers

Geocast Routing Protocols for VANETs: Survey and Guidelines

Geocast Routing Protocols for VANETs: Survey and Geometry-Driven Scheme Proposal

Multi-sensors' data gathering management system for a wireless health monitoring platform