An apparatus for simultaneously removing heat from two surfaces of a semiconductor structure includes a heat sink mounted to a front surface and a heat sink mounted to a back surface of the semiconductor structure. The structure can be two chips mounted in face-to-face arrangement, and the heat sinks remove heat from back surfaces of both chips.

Dual chip with heat sink

A method of manufacturing pseudo-boehmite, a raw material for a hydrogenation-refining catalyst support by mixing an aqueous solution of aluminic acid, which occurs in a step of alkali etching aluminum in an aluminum-anodizing process, and an aqueous solution of acid aluminum, which occurs in a step of anodizing aluminum in the anodizing process, with each other under predetermined conditions, the pseudo-boehmite being also able to be manufactured by aging aluminum hydroxide sludge, which occurs in a step of cleaning aluminum in the anodizing process, with an alkali solution, whereby a method of manufacturing pseudo-boehmite utilizing a treated waste liquid and sludge on the site of an anodizing process, and enabling the reutilization of resources at a very low cost can be established.

Method of manufacturing pseudo-boehmite

The present invention relates to a method for producing sulphate-poor, polynucleate aluminium hydroxide sulphate complexes of the general formula [Al(OH).sub.x (SO.sub.4).sub.y (H.sub.2 O).sub.z ].sub.n in which n is an integer; x is 0.75-2.0; y is 0.5-1.12; x+2y is 3; z is 1.5-4 when the product is in solid form, and z>>4 when the product is in the form of an aqueous solution, an amorphous aluminium hydroxide being admixed with aluminium sulphate and/or sulphuric acid to y=0.5-1.12; preferably 0.5-0.75.

Method for producing basic aluminum sulphate (III)

The invention concerns a multi-stage method for the purification of the alkali-metal aluminate solutions arising as wastes in the aluminium processing industry, as well as the processing of solid aluminium-containing residues to give purified alkali-metal aluminate solutions or solid alkali-metal aluminates.

Method of purifying soluions containing alkali-metal aluminates

A novel solid sodium aluminate, in powder or granular form with an amorphous structure contains 700 g/l at 20 deg C., a white colour and a reflectance (L) of more than 90%. Also claimed are: (i) a water treatment additive comprising the above prod.; (ii) a paper treatment prod. comprising the above prod.; and (iii) a leather and hide treatment prod. comprising the above product. Further claimed is a process for mfg. solid sodium aluminate from a dilute impure aluminate soln. which may contain various additives.

High purity sodium aluminate powder or granules

A process and installation for the integrated treatment of concentrated residual solutions resulting from the anodization of aluminium parts is described, in which caustic soda is employed in the pickling process and sulphuric acid in the anodization bath. The process comprises three sets of operations: (1) Production of aluminium sulphate in concentrated solution or in hydrated crystals, by the treatment of part of the residual solution from the anodization. (2) Production of precipitated aluminium hydroxide and a solution of sodium sulphate from residual anodization and pickling solutions. (3) Production of sodium aluminate from residual pickling solutions and aluminium hydroxide producted in (2). (FIG. 1.)

Integrated process for treatment of residual solutions from anodization plants

Procede et installation de traitement integre das saux residuaires concentrees des steliers d'anodisation de pieces en aluminium utilisant de la soude caustique pour le decapage et de l'acide suifurique dans le bain d'anodisation. Method and integrated processing facility das saux concentrated waste steliers of anodizing aluminum components using caustic soda for the pickling and the sulfuric acid in the anodizing bath. Le procede comprend trois amsembles operatoires: The method comprises three operating amsembles: 1.) production de sulfate d'aluminium en solution concentree ou en cristaux hydrates par traistement d'une partie de l'eau residualre d'anodisation, 1.) producing concentrated solution of aluminum sulphate or hydrated crystals by traistement a portion of the water residualre anodization 2.) production d'hydroxyde d'aluminium precipite et d'une solution de sulfate de sodium partir d'eaux residusires d'anodisation et de decapage, 2) production of precipitated aluminum hydroxide and sodium sulphate solution from residusires anodizing waters and stripping, 3.) production d'aluminate de sodium a partir d'eau residuaire de decapage et d'hydroxyde d'aluminium produit en 2.) 3.) production of sodium aluminate from wastewater stripping and aluminum hydroxide produced in 2.)

Samuel J. Wajc

Papers

Integrated process for treatment of residual solutions from anodization plants

Integrated process for treating waste water from anodisation plants