Showing papers by "Sandeep Kaur published in 2014"
TL;DR: In this paper, X-ray diffraction, UV-visible, DSC and ultrasonic techniques have been used to explore the structural properties of PbO-SiO2−Al2O3 and Bi2O-3−SiO 2−Al 2O3 glass systems.
102 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it has been inferred that increase in the composition of PbO leads to the formation of non bridging oxygens which leads to decrease in the rigidity of the glass samples.
52 citations
TL;DR: The sagittal skeletal pattern is a contributory factor in variations in the upper airway dimensions and measurements acquired from both the modalities are reliable and reproducible, but CT gives the better assessment of cross-sectional dimensions of airway space.
Abstract: Background and Aims: The oropharyngeal (OP) and nasopharyngeal structures seems to play roles in the development of the dentofacial complex. Soft palate as a part of nasopharyngeal and OP apparatus has an important role in phonation, deglutition and respiration. The aim of this study was to find whether any correlation exists between the three types of malocclusion and airway space using lateral cephalogram and computed tomography (CT) and to compare its reliability. To obtain important information on the morphology of the soft palate on lateral cephalogram and to determine its etiopathogenesis in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalogram of 45 subjects were used to measure the pharyngeal airway. The subjects were divided into three groups (each group included 15 subjects) according to ANB angle: Class I (ANB angle 2-4°), Class II (ANB angle >4°), Class III (ANB angle ≤2°). Results: The result showed a significant reduction in pharyngeal airway in ANB Class II. Type I soft palate, leaf-shape was found in maximum subjects. The volume of airway size showed higher statistical significance with the greater coefficient of variation on CT in relation to corresponding cephalometric airway area. Conclusion: The sagittal skeletal pattern is a contributory factor in variations in the upper airway dimensions. The measurements acquired from both the modalities are reliable and reproducible, but CT gives the better assessment of cross-sectional dimensions of airway space. Morphology of the soft palate can be used as references for etiological research of OSA.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the reaction of α, β-unsaturated ketones with phenyl hydrazine in acetic acid under refluxing condition is described, and various procedures have been worked out for their synthesis.
Abstract: Pyrazolines are prominent nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and therefore, various procedures have been worked out for their synthesis. Pyrazolines have variety of methods for their synthesis but one of the popular methods is of Fischer and Knoevenagel i.e. the reaction of α, β-unsaturated ketones with phenyl hydrazine in acetic acid under refluxing condition. However depending on the reactivity of molecules and need of the chemist, they had synthesized the pyrazolines under different solvent media and acidic or basic conditions.
18 citations
TL;DR: What data types are supported, what methods and information security professionals indetecting the use of steganography, after detection has occurred, can the embedded message be reliably extracted,Can the embedded data be separated from the carrier revealing the original file, and finally, what are some methods to defeat theUse of Steganography even if it cannot be reliably detected.
Abstract: This paper presents a general overview of the steganography. Steganography is the art of hiding the very presence of communication by embedding secret messages into innocuous looking cover documents, such as digital images. Detection of steganography, estimation of message length, and its extraction belong to the field of steganalysis. Steganalysis has recently received a great deal of attention both from law enforcement and the media. In this paper review the what data types are supported, what methods and information security professionals indetecting the use of steganography, after detection has occurred, can the embedded message be reliably extracted, can the embedded data be separated from the carrier revealing the original file, and finally, what are some methods to defeat the use of steganography even if it cannot be reliably detected. Â
9 citations
01 Feb 2014
TL;DR: A series of azo compounds namely 3-(Phenylazo) benzaldehyde 1a-f, 3-(4-Nitrophenyl-oxide)- benzaldehyde 7-9, 3(1,5-Dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl-imino methyl benzene 2a-F, 4af and 7-10 have been synthesized by reacting with corresponding amines as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A series of azo compounds namely 3-(Phenylazo) benzaldehyde 1a-f, 3-(4-Nitrophenylazo) benzaldehyde 3a-f and 3(1,5-Dimethyl–3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl-azo) benzaldehyde 6 were synthesized and then azo anils viz. 3-(Phenylazo)-1,5 dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H pyrazol-4-yl imino methyl benzene 2a-f, 4a-f and 7-9 have been synthesized from azo compounds by reacting with corresponding amines. All the compounds synthesized by conventional method are also prepared by using microwave irradiation method and are characterized by spectroscopic techniques (UV, FTIR and 1 H NMR). The synthesized compounds have been screened for antimicrobial activity against bacteria viz. Mesorhizobium sp., Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp., fungus (Ascochyta blight) and yeast (Sacchromycis cerevisiae). The azo anils show minor to moderate activity against bacteria and no activity against fungus and yeast. The activity shown by some compounds is due to substitution of chloro, methoxy or nitro group on phenyl ring or due to some heterocyclic moiety.
4 citations
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: This paper presents a reliable coin recognition system that is based on a polar harmonic transform that will prove rotation invariant for coin recognition and removes the need of placing coin in particular position by using artificial neural network.
Abstract: This paper presents a reliable coin recognition system that is based on a polar harmonic transform. Coins are widely used in daily routine at various places like in banks, automated weighing machines, supermarkets, organizations for research purposes. So, there is a basic need to recognize the coin very accurately. There is problem that if coin is rotated at some angle then the system is unable to recognize it so we are going to introduce a new approach for rotation invariant for coin recognition that is if coin image is rotated at some angle it can be recognized and will prove rotation invariant. So, this paper focuses on removing the need of placing coin in particular position by using artificial neural network.
4 citations
TL;DR: The results quantify that hybrid topology is best among other two topologies as it provides high throughput, high DTR and DTS.
Abstract: This research work is implemented in ZigBee using IEEE 802. 15. 4 protocol stack, it is most widely used technique in wireless sensor network for low rate wireless personal area network. In this paper three topologies are used i. e. mesh, tree and hybrid topology. The hybrid topology is implemented by using the combination of mesh and tree topology. The data-based setup is done by changing mobile percentage of nodes. The performance of these topologies is measured using parameters throughput, MAC delay, DTR and DTS. The results quantify that hybrid topology is best among other two topologies as it provides high throughput ,high DTR and DTS. The simulation is done by OPNET modeler 14. 5.
3 citations
TL;DR: A series of title compounds of type (III, (VI, and (VII) are prepared and tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities as mentioned in this paper, and the results show that they have promising properties.
Abstract: A series of title compounds of type (III), (VI), and (VII) are prepared and tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper three topologies are used i.e. mesh, tree and hybrid topology, which provides low MAC delay and effective throughput in the mobile network.
Abstract: This paper is mainly based upon mobility. In this paper three topologies are used i.e. mesh, tree and hybrid topology. The hybrid topology is implemented by using the combination of mesh and tree topology. The data-based setup is done by changingmobile percentageof nodes. The performance of these topologies is measured using parameters throughput, MAC delay, MTR and MTS.The result show better performances of hybrid topology, which provides low MAC delay and effective throughput in the mobile network. The simulation is done by OPNET modeler 14.5.
TL;DR: This paper reviews on the various research papers related to the performance evaluation of various routing protocols and performance comparison of routing protocols in MANET, and provides the overview of MANET routing protocols such as: AODV, DSDv, DSR and ZRP.
Abstract: MANET is infrastructure less, decentralized multi-hop network where the mobile nodes are free to move randomly, these mean the network topology dynamic, the performance evaluation is major challenges in ad hoc network. Performance evaluation refers to evaluate the performance of MANET routing protocols, there are various performance metrics are used to improve the performance of MANET routing protocols. Performance are evaluated in case of change in traffic, number of nodes, mobility and pause time etc. performance is measured in term of packet delivery ratio, routing load, average jittering and throughput. In this paper, we review on the various research papers related to the performance evaluation of various routing protocols and performance comparison of routing protocols in MANET, we also provide the overview of MANET routing protocols such as: AODV, DSDV, DSR and ZRP. Keyword: MANET, Performance Evaluation, AODV, DSR, ZRP.
TL;DR: The probabilistic ranking based Kuhn munkres algorithm uses the graphical model such as Bayesian statistics with Bayesian's theorem to find the probability of documents for more relevant results.
Abstract: paper proposes a method for Document Retrieval Systems. The document retrieval system finds information to given criteria by matching text record (documents) against user queries. The results generated from information retrieval system must have user preferences. Each user has its own perspectives and cultural context of each word or when the user is searching for highly specific, focussed topic. The probabilistic ranking based on graphic Bayesian statistics is associated with a Kuhn munkres algorithm for it to be really successful to group similar documents. The probabilistic ranking based Kuhn munkres algorithm uses the graphical model such as Bayesian statistics with Bayesian's theorem to find the probability of documents for more relevant results. General Terms