Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

Praise for the Third Edition: "This is one of the best books available. Its excellent organizational structure allows quick reference to specific models and its clear presentation . . . solidifies the understanding of the concepts being presented."IIE Transactions on Operations EngineeringThoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the latest developments in the field, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition continues to present the basic statistical principles that are necessary to analyze the probabilistic nature of queues. Rather than presenting a narrow focus on the subject, this update illustrates the wide-reaching, fundamental concepts in queueing theory and its applications to diverse areas such as computer science, engineering, business, and operations research.This update takes a numerical approach to understanding and making probable estimations relating to queues, with a comprehensive outline of simple and more advanced queueing models. Newly featured topics of the Fourth Edition include:Retrial queuesApproximations for queueing networksNumerical inversion of transformsDetermining the appropriate number of servers to balance quality and cost of serviceEach chapter provides a self-contained presentation of key concepts and formulae, allowing readers to work with each section independently, while a summary table at the end of the book outlines the types of queues that have been discussed and their results. In addition, two new appendices have been added, discussing transforms and generating functions as well as the fundamentals of differential and difference equations. New examples are now included along with problems that incorporate QtsPlus software, which is freely available via the book's related Web site.With its accessible style and wealth of real-world examples, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition is an ideal book for courses on queueing theory at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners who analyze congestion in the fields of telecommunications, transportation, aviation, and management science.

Fundamentals of Queueing Theory

Much work has been carried out in recent years on the beneficial effect of phenolic compounds which act as natural antioxidants and help to neutralize free radicals. We analysed the antioxidant activity of the rutin (quercetin-3-rhamnosyl glucoside) using different assays including: total antioxidant activity and reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, superoxide radical scavenging assay, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and lipid peroxidation assay which uses egg yolk as the lipid-rich source. Total antioxidant capacity was determined by the assay based on the decrease in absorbance of β-carotene by the sample. Rutin exhibited strong DPPH radical scavenging activity. At the concentration of 0.05 mg/ml, ascorbic acid (Vc), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and rutin showed 92.8%, 58.8%, and 90.4% inhibition, respectively. In addition, rutin had effective inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Those various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as BHT and Vc.

In vitro antioxidant properties of rutin

Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) are an excellent dietary source of phytochemicals that include flavonol glycosides, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins), and organic and phenolic acids. Using C-18 and Sephadex Lipophilic LH-20 column chromatography, HPLC and tandem LC-ES/MS, we have analyzed, quantified and separated total cranberry extract (TCE) into fractions enriched in sugars, organic acids, total polyphenols, proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins (39.4, 30.0, 10.6, 5.5, 1.2% composition, respectively). Using a luminescent ATP cell viability assay, the antiproliferative effects of TCE (200 g/mL) vs. all fractions were evaluated against human oral (KB, CAL27), colon (HT-29, HCT116, SW480, SW620) and prostate (RWPE-1, RWPE-2, 22Rv1) cancer cell lines. The total polyphenol fraction was the most active fraction against all cell lines with 96.1 and 95% inhibition of KB and CAL27 oral cancer cells, respectively. For the colon cancer cells, the antiproliferative activity of this fraction was greatest against HCT116 (92.1%) than HT-29 (61.1%), SW480 (60%) and SW620 (63%). TCE and all fractions, showed 50% antiproliferative activity against prostate cancer cells with total polyphenols being the most active fraction (RWPE-1, 95%; RWPE-2, 95%; 22Rv1, 99.6%). Cranberry sugars (78.8 g/mL) did not inhibit the proliferation of any cancer cell lines. The enhanced antiproliferative activity of total polyphenols compared to TCE and its individual phytochemicals suggests synergistic or additive antiproliferative interactions of the anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins and flavonol glycosides within the cranberry extract.

Total Cranberry Extract vs. its Phytochemical Constituents: Antiproliferative and Synergistic Effects against Human Tumor Cell Lines

Tannins are a heterogeneous group of high MW, water-soluble, polyphenolic compounds, naturally present in cereals, leguminous seeds and, predominantly, in many fruits and vegetables, where they provide protection against a wide range of biotic and abiotic stressors. Tannins exert several pharmacological effects, including antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity as well as antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-nutritional and cardio-protective properties. They also seem to exert beneficial effects on metabolic disorders and prevent the onset of several oxidative stress-related diseases. Although the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic data for these phytochemicals are still sparse, gut absorption of these compounds seems to be inversely correlated with the degree of polymerization. Further studies are mandatory to better clarify how these molecules and their metabolites are able to cross the intestinal barrier in order to exert their biological properties. This review summarizes the current literature on tannins, focusing on the main, recently proposed mechanisms of action that underlie their pharmacological and disease-prevention properties, as well as their bioavailability, safety and toxicology.

Linked Articles
This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc

https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bph.13630

Proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins: occurrence, dietary intake and pharmacological effects

There are many deadly chronic diseases in the world among them heart disease is in the top position. Due to this more people are dying which can be avoided with proper treatment in the initial stage but predicting heart disease in the early stage is difficult. In this paper, we proposed an automated system that predicts the existence of heart disease by using supervised learning techniques that can benefit by taking precautionary steps to avoid mortality due to heart diseases. In the proposed research data preprocessing and model building have been carried out using classification-based algorithms like SVM, Decision trees, and Random Forest. And an optimal model is considered based on performance metrics like Accuracy. Moreover, extensive data exploration is also carried out to find the contribution of each attribute. The optimal model for this case study is Random Forest with an accuracy of 88.26%.

An Automated System to Predict Heart Disease Using Supervised Machine Learning Techniques

An updated checklist of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Chandigarh (India) and its surrounding area

Bee products are known since ancient times for their nutritional value and beneficial effects. The present study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical composition and therapeutic potential of bee pollen and beebread. Broth dilution method was used to observe the in vitro antibacterial activity. For in vivo antioxidant activities, BALB/c mice were divided into six groups; Gp1 was given normal saline only, Gp2 was injected intraperitoneally with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium at 2×104 CFU/ml, Gp3 was administrated orally with bee collected pollen of Zea mays (250mg/kg bw) only, Gp4 was treated with the bee collected pollen of Z. mays (250mg/kg bw) in Salmonella infected mice, Gp5 was administrated orally with beebread of Z. mays (250mg/kg bw) only and Gp6 was treated with the beebread of Z. mays (250mg/kg bw) in Salmonella infected mice. The results obtained in the study suggested that various bioactive constituents were present in bee pollen and beebread and these phytochemical constituents were responsible for the antibacterial and antioxidant efficacy of these studied bee products. Beebread was found to possess high activity as compared to bee pollen reflecting its high polphenolic composition. Hence, it could be inferred that bee pollen could be seen as a potential source for designing a drug against S. typhimurium.

Honey bee collected pollen and beebread of Zea mays: determination of bioactive constituents and health benefits

The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) resides of a large number of sensor nodes that are incomplete in energy, processing power, and storage. The energy of nodes is the most important consideration amid them because the lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks is incomplete by the energy of the nodes. LEACH is one of the most famous clustering mechanisms; it elects a cluster head (CH) created on a probability model. This paper improves LEACH protocol using Cross Layer LEACH and HEED and Super Cluster Head. Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed protocol for the heterogeneous wireless sensor network have been reported. The main requirements of the wireless sensor network are to prolong the network lifetime and energy efficiency. Here, HeterogeneousHEED: A Protocol for clustered heterogeneous for Wireless Sensor Network has been proposed to prolong the network lifetime. These proposed works provide a better result in terms of o live nodes, energy dissipation, message cost when compared to traditional leach protocol.

/pdf/an-improvement-of-leach-protocol-using-cross-layer-leach-z4scy6eq7d.pdf

An Improvement of Leach Protocol using Cross Layer Leach - Heed and Super Cluster Head

A series of quaternary tellurite‐based glasses (72−x)TeO2 + 25B2O3 + 3K2CO3 + xDy2O3, where (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5), are prepared using melt quenching technique. The effect of dopants on structural, physical, optical, and thermal properties of alkali boro‐tellurite glasses are studied using the differential thermal analysis (DTA) technique, UV–vis spectrometer, and photoluminescence technique. The density of as‐prepared samples has been obtained using the conventional Archimedes principle and other physical parameters, viz. molar volume and ion concentration, are also calculated using density. The optical absorption spectra exhibits different excited states of Dy3+ corresponding to 6H15/2→ 6F5/2(∼805 nm), 6F3/2(∼755 nm), 4F9/2 (∼473 nm), 4I15/2 (∼454 nm), 4G11/2 (∼427 nm), 4F7/2(389 nm), 4P3/2(∼366 nm). With the increase in Dy+3 concentration, an increase in optical bandgap, density, and molar volume as well as decrease in molar reflectivity, and reflection loss is evident from this study. The effect of Dy+3 ion concentration on Y/B intensity ratios and CIE chromaticity coordinates have been evaluated to understand the possible applications of aforementioned glass samples for white‐light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). Moreover, various shielding parameters, viz. half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Z eff), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) have also been determined to understand the shielding characteristics of as‐prepared glass samples.

Sandeep Kaur

Papers

An Automated System to Predict Heart Disease Using Supervised Machine Learning Techniques

An updated checklist of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Chandigarh (India) and its surrounding area

Honey bee collected pollen and beebread of Zea mays: determination of bioactive constituents and health benefits

An Improvement of Leach Protocol using Cross Layer Leach - Heed and Super Cluster Head

Investigation of Dysprosium‐Incorporated Potassium Boro‐Tellurite Glasses Toward Radiation Screening and Photonic Applications