The objective of this paper is to discuss the design and implementation of a multi-agent system that provides intelligence to a distributed smart grid — a smart grid located at a distribution level. A multi-agent application development will be discussed that involves agent specification, application analysis, application design and application realization. The message exchange in the proposed multi-agent system is designed to be compatible with an IP-based network (IP = Internet Protocol) which is based on the IEEE standard on Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agent (FIPA). The paper demonstrates the use of multi-agent systems to control a distributed smart grid in a simulated environment. The simulation results indicate that the proposed multi-agent system can facilitate the seamless transition from grid connected to an island mode when upstream outages are detected. This denotes the capability of a multi-agent system as a technology for managing the microgrid operation.

Multi-agent systems in a distributed smart grid: Design and implementation

Identification of rice diseases using deep convolutional neural networks

In order to determine how data mining techniques (DMT) and their applications have developed, during the past decade, this paper reviews data mining techniques and their applications and development, through a survey of literature and the classification of articles, from 2000 to 2011. Keyword indices and article abstracts were used to identify 216 articles concerning DMT applications, from 159 academic journals (retrieved from five online databases), this paper surveys and classifies DMT, with respect to the following three areas: knowledge types, analysis types, and architecture types, together with their applications in different research and practical domains. A discussion deals with the direction of any future developments in DMT methodologies and applications: (1) DMT is finding increasing applications in expertise orientation and the development of applications for DMT is a problem-oriented domain. (2) It is suggested that different social science methodologies, such as psychology, cognitive science and human behavior might implement DMT, as an alternative to the methodologies already on offer. (3) The ability to continually change and acquire new understanding is a driving force for the application of DMT and this will allow many new future applications.

https://romisatriawahono.net/lecture/rm/survey/machine%20learning/Liao%20-%20Data%20mining%20techniques%20and%20applications%20A%20decade%20review%20from%202000%20to%202011%20-%202012.pdf

Review: Data mining techniques and applications - A decade review from 2000 to 2011

A review of cyber security risk assessment methods for SCADA systems

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition(SCADA) systems are deeply ingrained in the fabric of critical infrastructure sectors. These computerized real-time process control systems, over geographically dispersed continuous distribution operations, are increasingly subject to serious damage and disruption by cyber means due to their standardization and connectivity to other networks. However, SCADA systems generally have little protection from the escalating cyber threats. In order to understand the potential danger and to protect SCADA systems, in this paper, we highlight their difference from standard IT systems and present a set of security property goals. Furthermore, we focus on systematically identifying and classifying likely cyber attacks including cyber-induced cyber-physical attack son SCADA systems. Determined by the impact on control performance of SCADA systems, the attack categorization criteria highlights commonalities and important features of such attacks that define unique challenges posed to securing SCADA systems versus traditional Information Technology(IT) systems.

/pdf/a-taxonomy-of-cyber-attacks-on-scada-systems-3iowzhyagb.pdf

A Taxonomy of Cyber Attacks on SCADA Systems

Purpose – Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems are widely used by utility companies during the production and distribution of oil, gas, chemicals, electric power, and water to control and monitor these operations. A cyber attack on a SCADA system cannot only result in a major financial disaster but also in devastating damage to public safety and health. The purpose of this paper is to survey the literature on the cyber security of SCADA systems and then suggest two categories of security solutions.Design/methodology/approach – The paper proposes the use of secure socket layer/transport layer security (SSL/TLS) and IP security (IPsec) solutions, implemented on the test‐bed at the University of Louisville, as the optimal choices when considering the level of security a solution can provide and the difficulty of implementing such a security measure. The paper analyzes these two solution choices, discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and present details on efficient ways of implement...

Securing SCADA systems

We derive a model for estimating adaptive software maintenance effort in person hours, the adaptive maintenance effort model (AMEffMo). A number of metrics such as lines of code changed and number of operators changed were found to be strongly correlated to maintenance effort. The regression models performed well in predicting adaptive maintenance effort as well as provide useful information for managers and maintainers.

/pdf/a-metrics-based-software-maintenance-effort-model-2x8ggvrmow.pdf

A metrics-based software maintenance effort model

Quantitatively assessing the vulnerability of critical information systems: A new method for evaluating security enhancements

Rice is one of the most widely cultivated crops throughout the world. Health, quality and production potential of rice plants often gets severely affected by several plant diseases. Brown spot and blast diseases are among the worst diseases that seriously affect rice production worldwide. Both of these diseases are characterised by appearance of distinct shaped lesions on the plant leaves. The efforts to control the disease include using fungicides, pesticides and other such chemicals. However, no image processing based technique has yet been proposed for determination of such plant diseases. In this research, the colour texture of 400 rice leaf images is analysed using a pattern recognition method and the results of the study for early and accurate detection of leaf spots are presented. If the suggested technology is embedded into camera phones, a farmer can detect the diseases much before these diseases show their destructive symptoms without any help from a plant pathologist.

Pattern recognition method to detect two diseases in rice plants

 SCADA: Supervisory control and data acquisition  SCADA networks enable operating many devices remotely such as track switches, traffic signals, electric circuit breakers, valves, relays, sensors, and water and gas pumps.

Sandip C. Patel

Papers

Securing SCADA systems

A metrics-based software maintenance effort model

Quantitatively assessing the vulnerability of critical information systems: A new method for evaluating security enhancements

Pattern recognition method to detect two diseases in rice plants

Improving the cyber security of SCADA communication networks