Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley
Linguistics Society: Special Session on Tibeto-Burman and Southeast
Asian Linguistics (2002)

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Relativization and nominalization in Bodic

In the study of Buddhism it is commonly accepted that a monk or nun who commits a pārājika offence is permanently and irrevocably expelled from the Buddhist monastic order. This view is based primarily on readings of the Pāli Vinaya. With the exception of the Pāli Vinaya, however, all other extant Buddhist monastic law codes (Dharmaguptaka, Mahāsāṅghika, Mahīśāsaka, Sarvāstivāda and Mūlasarvāstivāda) contain detailed provisions for monks and nuns who commit pārājikas but nevertheless wish to remain within the saṅgha. These monastics are not expelled. Rather, they are granted a special status known as the śikṣādattaka. In this paper I explore the rules. concerning pārājika penance and the śikṣādattaka with specific regard to monastic celibacy. Given that five out of six extant law codes recognise this remarkable accommodation to the rule of celibacy, I argue that we must look to Vinayas other than the Pāli Vinaya if we are to arrive at a nuanced and representative view of Indian Buddhist monasticism.

 Grant me chastity and continence, but not yet.
 Augustine of Hippo (354–430 C.E.)

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Monks Who Have Sex: Pārājika Penance in Indian Buddhist Monasticisms

Rang byung rdo rje (1284-1339), the third Karmapa, was an important figure in the development of Tibetan Buddhism. He is most famous for his commentaries and treatises that systemised the lineages of tantric Buddhism he inherited, works that have been the subject of numerous studies. Until this present study, however, his personal writing, both his biographical liberation-stories (rnam thar) and his songs (mgur / glu) have not been translated in full or studied. As much of his writing in these two genres was composed while he travelled around first Tibet, then Mongolia and China, travelling is one of these works1 major themes, and therefore the thematic subject of this thesis. The study1 s thematic approach to these compositions has allowed it to examine them as both literature and historical sources. A combination that, in turn, has not only provided many more details about his life than earlier studies, but also enabled an investigation of Rang byung rdo rje1s contribution to Tibef s literary culture, in which the two genres of rnam thar and mgur / glu have played a central role. As this thesis explains, what becomes evident in this literary and historical examination of Rang byung rdo rje1s writings in these genres is that his influence on Tibetan culture was not limited to his contribution to Tibef s intellectual history. He also played a pivotal role in the development of two other important elements of Tibetan culture: the sacralisation of Tibef s environment and the tradition of recognising reincarnated gurus, both of which he helped establish on his travels. Moreover, this investigation shows how intertwined these processes were in Rang byung rdo rje1s -writing: how much Rang byung rdo rje 1s presentation of the Karmapa reincarnate lineage-the first reincarnate lineage upon which others were modelled-depended on the sacralisation of the Karmapas 1 environments to sustain their status across lives; and how much the sacralisation of the Karmapas1 environments depended on both their sanctified presence, and their cultural "landscaping11 of these sites through architecture, art and most influentially literature. In establishing this connection between sacred sites and the development of Tibef s first reincarnation lineages, this thesis further demonstrates how Rang byung rdo rje 1s participation in both these projects depended on his claims to and articulation of otherworldly visions. Through these visions he established a religious, otherworldly, periphery-focused authority upon which he could make claims about identity and territory that stood in opposition to those made on the same region by its this-worldly rulers, the Mongol Empire. It also shows how this alternate vision was aided by Rang byung rdo rje 1s promotion of the mahamudra tradition, a tradition whose sceptical approach to all phenomena suggested experiences of this and other worlds were equally unreal. To subdue my ego, I was born the son of a potter but after I die in this life, I will travel to Tu~ita; my love for wanderers will mean I am present wherever there are students. I have no other thoughts but to help others. Rang byung rdo rje, the third Karmapa, ca. 1325, age 42, La stod, Southern Tibet.

The view from nowhere : the travels of the third karmapa, rang byung rdo rje in story and songs

Phonological inventories of Tibeto-Burman languages

Ce travail a pour objectif de decrire et de classer les emplois du genitif a partir des textes publies en tokharien A et en tokharien B. La description synchronique des emplois du genitif, qui constitue en quelque sorte une syntaxe normative de ce cas, conduit a des comparaisons avec des faits syntaxiques connus a partir d'autres langues indo-europeennes (en particulier les langues dites « classiques », sanskrit, latin et grec), et place egalement cette etude dans une perspective comparatiste, et typologique. Le genitif tokharien est etudie dans ses trois emplois : adnominal, adverbal et regi par une adposition (pre- ou postposition). Le genitif adnominal presente les memes valeurs que le genitif reconstruit classiquement pour l'indo-europeen ; on met cependant en lumiere sa particularite a ne transposer qu'un element sujet lorsqu'il est genitif de proces, et ses criteres de commutation ou de distribution complementaire avec l'adjectif derive. Le genitif adverbal presente des emplois qui sont exprimes dans d’autres langues indo-europeennes par le datif, alors que l’inventaire des cas tokhariens ne comporte pas de datif. On envisage donc l’hypothese d’un syncretisme entre genitif et datif. L'etude du genitif regi par une adposition met en lumiere le fait que, malgre la refonte du systeme casuel en tokharien, certaines formes adverbiales ou schemas de formation sont herites. Dans l'ensemble de cette etude, on tient compte des parametres qui sont propres au tokharien telle l'influence de la syntaxe sanskrite sur celle du tokharien (la plupart des textes bouddhiques etant traduits ou adaptes d’originaux sanskrits).

https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02099613/document

Recherches sur le génitif en tokharien

Grammar of the Tibetan language, in English : prepared, under the patronage of the government and the auspices of the Asiatic Society of Bengal

Sanskrit-Tibetan-English vocabulary : being an edition and translation of the Mahāvyutpatti

Grammar of the Tibetan Language

A grammar of the Tibetan language, in English

As known, adventure and experience about lesson, entertainment, and knowledge can be gained by only reading a book. Even it is not directly done, you can know more about this life, about the world. We offer you this proper and easy way to gain those all. We offer many book collections from fictions to science at all. One of them is this essay towards a dictionary tibetan and english that can be your partner.

Sándor Kőrösi Csoma

Papers

Grammar of the Tibetan language, in English : prepared, under the patronage of the government and the auspices of the Asiatic Society of Bengal

Sanskrit-Tibetan-English vocabulary : being an edition and translation of the Mahāvyutpatti

Grammar of the Tibetan Language

A grammar of the Tibetan language, in English

Essay Towards a Dictionary: Tibetan and English