Recent progress in sensing nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, and ammonium in aquatic environment

The quality analysis of water, pharmaceutical and environmental compounds is a basic subject for human health. The presence of low-quality drugs, biological toxins and chemical compounds in water or forbidden additives in the nourishments lead to irreversible problems in human health. Hence, multiple analytical approaches have been presented for investigating the quality of environmental, pharmaceutical, and food compounds and monitoring the detection of toxic compounds and pollutants in water. Sensing tools based on analytical strategies are required for identifying and quantifying the different pollutants including biological and chemical contaminants in water samples. Among different biosensing and sensing tools, portable sensing assays are of special importance because of their great advantages such as simplicity, affordability, portability and ability to on-site detection. Therefore, during the last decades, designing and fabricating portable assays with great sensitivity and selectivity have been considered by many researchers and scientists for detection of various water pollutants. In this paper, the latest improvements in portable biosensors and sensors in the monitoring of biological and chemical pollutants in different samples of water are extensively explained. Initially, different portable sensing assays and novel technologies in their development are addressed. Then, by introducing various biological (bacteria, algae, toxins) and chemical pollutants (heavy metals, aromatic compounds, pesticides and insecticides), different portable sensors which have been developed for the detection of the pollutants are presented. Finally, upcoming perspectives and future challenges are thoroughly described.

Recent advances on portable sensing and biosensing assays applied for detection of main chemical and biological pollutant agents in water samples: A critical review

Photocatalytic performances of ZnCr2O4 nanoparticles for cephalosporins removal: Structural, optical and electrochemical properties

The present study assessed the phytoremediation efficiency of water fern (Azolla pinnata R.Br.) in the treatment of dairy wastewater (DWW). Batch mode experimentation was done using different dilutions (0 to 100%) of DWW transplanted with five healthy leaflets of A. pinnata. Besides this, the A. pinnata growth was captured using camera vision-based image recognition and further modeled using logistic and modified Gompertz models. The findings showed that after 14 days of phytoremediation experiments, the maximum significant (p   0.9533) and minimum difference between experimental and model-predicted results. Thus, the combined application of phytoremediation and image processing techniques can be used to monitor and maximize plant growth performance.

Phytoremediation of dairy wastewater using Azolla pinnata: Application of image processing technique for leaflet growth simulation

Semiconductor heterostructures have attracted intensive research attention during the past few years owing to their great potential for energy and environmental remediation related applications. Ef...

Recent Advances in Semiconductor-Graphene and Semiconductor-Ferroelectric/Ferromagnetic Nanoheterostructures for Efficient Hydrogen Generation and Environmental Remediation.

Water is the most crucial commodity for life support process in organism. Water is basic and mandatory need for the humans and the entire living creature on earth. Therefore, the consumption of water by human should be safe, easily accessible, adequate and free from any kind of contamination. Pollutants in water bodies pose a severe threat to human health as well as aquatic ecosystem. There are numbers of water pollutant which has been categorized into inorganic pollutants, organic pollutants, pathogens, thermal pollution, and radioactive pollutants etc. In the current review an endeavor has been made to recognize the water pollution based on biological and chemical indicator and categorize the water pollutant on the basis of different source and origin. A brief discussion on different water pollutants, their source in atmosphere and impact on environment and human health is also done in this study. In this study a concise discussion has been done on some traditional water pollutants like nutrients (NO3 and PO4), Halogen (Cl, Br and F), heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Hg), organic pollutants (POPs, EDS and pesticides), and microbial pollutants. Some emerging crisis related to water pollution in recent past is like microplastic, thermal pollution, radioactive pollution and suspended solids and sediments are also included in this study.

Water Pollutants: Sources and Impact on the Environment and Human Health

Global Wetlands: Categorization, Distribution and Global Scenario

Food waste has been identified as one of the major factors that constitute numerous anthropogenic activities, especially in developing countries. There is a growing problem with food waste that affects every part of the waste management system, from collection to disposal; finding long-term solutions necessitates involving all participants in the food supply chain, from farmers and manufacturers to distributors and consumers. In addition to food waste management, maintaining food sustainability and security globally is crucial so that every individual, household, and nation can always get food. "End hunger, achieve food security and enhanced nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture" are among the main challenges of global sustainable development (SDG) goal 2. Therefore, sustainable food waste management technology is needed. Recent attention has been focused on global food loss and waste. One-third of food produced for human use is wasted every year. Source reduction (i.e., limiting food losses and waste) and contemporary treatment technologies appear to be the most promising strategy for converting food waste into safe, nutritious, value-added feed products and achieving sustainability. Food waste is also employed in industrial processes for the production of biofuels or biopolymers. Biofuels mitigate the detrimental effects of fossil fuels. Identifying crop-producing zones, bioenergy cultivars, and management practices will enhance the natural environment and sustainable biochemical process. Traditional food waste reduction strategies are ineffective in lowering GHG emissions and food waste treatment. The main contribution of this study is an inventory of the theoretical and practical methods of prevention and minimization of food waste and losses. It identifies the trade-offs for food safety, sustainability, and security. Moreover, it investigates the impact of COVID-19 on food waste behavior. 

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Sanjeev Sharma

Papers

Water Pollutants: Sources and Impact on the Environment and Human Health

Global Wetlands: Categorization, Distribution and Global Scenario

New insights in food security and environmental sustainability through waste food management