Socioeconomic status (SES) is one among important indicators to evaluate the health status and nutritional status of a family. It is a position attained by any individual within a system of hierarchical social structure. Various attempts have been done in past by eminent scholars and medical scientists to formulate a group of composite indexes to determine SES of an individual or a family living in urban or rural areas. The scales have included various composite indexes to take into account details pertaining to an individual or any family. Among all the available SES, the most widely used and popular scale in our country is “Modified Kuppuswamy SES” which is mostly used for urban areas. In this paper, we have aimed at revising and providing an “Updated Modified Kuppuswamy SES” for the year 2019. The scale was initially developed by Kuppuswamy in the year 1976 including index parameters like education, occupation, and total income which was further modified in later years to include head of families educational status, occupational status and overall aggregate income of the whole family, pooled from all sources. The Kuppuswamy SES has included 3 parameters and each parameter is further classified into subgroups and scores have been allotted to each subgroup which have been defined later in this paper. The total score of Kuppuswamy SES ranges from 3-29 and it classifies families into 5 groups, “upper class, upper middle class, lower middle class, upper lower and lower socio-economic class.” Due to limitations, the Kuppuswamy SES needs regular update for income levels which is based on changing CPI values which makes the scale vulnerable to fluctuations over time.

Keywords: Socioeconomic scale, Kuppuswamy scale, 2019 Update, Economic status.

/pdf/modified-kuppuswamy-socioeconomic-scale-updated-for-the-year-1nqaif8rqr.pdf

Modified Kuppuswamy socioeconomic scale updated for the year 2019

Socioeconomic status (SES) is one among important indicators to evaluate the health status and nutritional status of a family. It is a position attained by any individual within a system of hierarchical social structure. Various attempts have been done in past by eminent scholars and medical scientists to formulate a group of composite indexes to determine SES of an individual or a family living in urban or rural areas. The scales have included various composite indexes to take into account details pertaining to an individual or any family. Among all the available SES, the most widely used and popular scale in our country is “Modified
Kuppuswamy SES” which is mostly used for urban areas. In this paper, we have aimed at revising and providing an “Updated Modified Kuppuswamy SES” for the year 2021. The scale was initially developed by Kuppuswamy in the year 1976 including index parameters like education, occupation, and total income which was further modified in later years to include head of families educational status, occupational status and overall aggregate income of the whole family, pooled from all sources. The Kuppuswamy SES has included 3 parameters and each parameter is further classified into subgroups and scores have been allotted to each subgroup which have been defined later in this paper. The total score of Kuppuswamy SES ranges
from 3-29 and it classifies families into 5 groups, “upper class, upper middle class, lower middle class, upper lower and lower socio-economic class.” Due to limitations, the Kuppuswamy SES needs regular update for income levels which is based on changing CPI values which makes the scale vulnerable to fluctuations over time.

https://www.ijfcm.org/journal-article-file/13590

Modified Kuppuswamy socioeconomic scale updated for the year 2021

Socioeconomic status (SES) is one among important indicators to evaluate the health status and nutritional status of a family. It is a position attained by any individual within a system of hierarchical social structure. Various attempts have been done in past by eminent scholars and medical scientists to formulate a group of composite indexes to determine SES of an individual or a family living in urban or rural areas. The scales have included various composite indexes to take into account details pertaining to an individual or any family. Among all the available SES, the most widely used and popular scale in our country is “Modified Kuppuswamy SES” which is mostly used for urban areas. In this paper, we have aimed at revising and providing an “Updated Modified Kuppuswamy SES” for the year 2020.The scale was initially developed by Kuppuswamy in the year 1976 including index parameters like education, occupation, and total income which was further modified in later years to include head of families educational status, occupational status and overall aggregate income of the whole family, pooled from all sources. The Kuppuswamy SES has included 3 parameters and each parameter is further classified into subgroups and scores have been allotted to each subgroup which have been defined later in this paper. The total score of Kuppuswamy SES ranges from 3-29 and it classifies families into 5 groups, “upper class, upper middle class, lower middle class, upper lower and lower socio-economic class.” Due to limitations, the Kuppuswamy SES needs regular update for income levels which is based on changing CPI values which makes the scale vulnerable to fluctuations over time.    

Keywords: Socioeconomic scale, Kuppuswamy scale, 2019 Update, Economic status.

/pdf/modified-kuppuswamy-socioeconomic-scale-updated-for-the-year-25frwubdmo.pdf

Modified Kuppuswamy socioeconomic scale updated for the year 2020

Access to quality primary education is a major concern in India. Despite of having reasonable infrastructure, issues of teacher absenteeism, poor accountability of teachers, ineffective teaching learning materials and inadequate teaching procedures are still the prevailing causes for poor educational quality in lower tier schools. Though private schools with their high-end infrastructures have tried to establish their domination in imparting quality learning, the latter continue to remain a distant dream for the underprivileged students. Studies have revealed that Internet-enabled, Web 2.0 based blended learning environments can stimulate student engagement, motivation, and learning. However ICT-based supports in Indian schools are provided either mostly to those who can afford it, or as sporadic government experiments which are either discontinued or undervalued. In this context, the paper presents an Internet-enabled blended-learning platform, which combine traditional models of classroom interactions with synchronous e-learning, facilitated by expert online teachers with digital audio-visual contents. The pilot study conducted using proposed blended learning platform proves that it is possible to provide quality education to underprivileged school students. The findings indicate that blended learning platforms in classroom settings, along with quality digital content, expert online teachers and on-site teaching assistants as class coordinator creates a learning environment that can improve learning achievements and well-being of students drastically, irrespective of their socioeconomic status.

Blended learning to improve quality of primary education among underprivileged school children in India

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a well-known microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributed to chronic hyperglycemia and is defined as the presence of peripheral nerve dysfunction after exclusion of other causes. Methodology: This was a multicentric facility-based cross-sectional study with the objectives to assess the sociodemographic and economic status of the participants, to estimate the prevalence of the DPN using the screening methods, and to see the association with other factors. A predesigned semi-structured questionnaire, Semmes-Weinstein 10-g monofilament test, ankle reflexes, and vibration perception threshold test was used for the data collection and blood sugars levels were taken from the recent laboratory report. Results: Among 336, 202 (60.1%) were male and 134 (39.9%) were female. The prevalence of the DPN was 39.3% among them 28.9% in males and 10.4% in females, respectively. The other determinants of the participants, 264 (78.6%) had the Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) >7, 205 (61%) had a burning foot sensation, 124 (36.9%) of them were had numbness of the foot, almost 50% of them had pricking sensation in the foot and more than one-third (130) of them had callosity over foot. Conclusions: The study showed the severity of DPN was significantly associated with age, sex, duration of diabetes, HbA1c value, hypertension, and body mass index.

Preparing short message service reminders to improve treatment adherence among tuberculosis patients in Sleman District, Indonesia

The health status of any country depends on the socio-economic status (SES) and the per capita income of its citizens. The SES also decides the affordability and utilization of the health facilities. Constant changes in the price of goods in the country due to inflation make it mandatory to constantly update the income-based socioeconomic scales. This paper attempts to provide updates in Kuppuswamy, B.G. Prasad and udai pareek socioeconomic scales for 2017.

Socio-economic status scales updated for 2017

Introduction: Anesthesia has become one of the most advanced specialties in modern medicine with tremendous growth in knowledge and substances available for use. However, public awareness toward anesthesiologist and anesthesiology is limited. It is important for us to make people aware about the role played by an anesthesiologist in medical setup. The present study was conducted among patients and attendants to assess the knowledge regarding the anesthesiologist and anesthesiology. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at a rural hospital of New Delhi, on 250 adult patients and attendants visiting outpatient departments to assess their knowledge regarding anesthesiologists and anesthesiology. An interview in their local language with the help of a prestructured questionnaire was carried out over a 3 month period. The participants on the basis of their answers were classified as aware or unaware. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 17. Results: Most of the patients in our study were not aware of the role of anesthesiologists, their role in OT and postoperative period, and about anesthesiology as a separate discipline. They were aware of the general and regional anesthesia techniques. Only half of the participants had good knowledge (55.6%), and it was significantly associated with age, sex, and education (P Conclusion: There is ignorance among the general population regarding the role played by anesthesiologists. We need newer initiatives for educating public and professionals for future progress.

Knowledge regarding anesthesiologist and anesthesiology among patients and attendants attending a rural hospital of New Delhi.

Local anaesthetics are a very important group of drugs in the anaesthetists’ armamentarium. They have very widespread use in many branches like surgery, Orthopaedics, ENT, Obstetrics & Gynaecology. Most popular amide group representative – lignocaine – is used as its hydrochloride salt at a concentration of 1 or 2% with or without epinephrine. Though hypersensitivity reactions are rare, they may occur and varies from life threatening anaphylaxis to less severe delayed type reactions. Here we are reporting a case of delayed type 4 reaction to lignocaine after supraclavicular brachial plexus block which was managed conservatively.

Sanju Sharma

Papers

Socio-economic status scales updated for 2017

Knowledge regarding anesthesiologist and anesthesiology among patients and attendants attending a rural hospital of New Delhi.

Hypersensitivity to lignocaine: a case report