Pain and behavioral medicine: A cognitive-behavioral perspective

Violent Men: An Inquiry into the Psychology of Violence (New, Revised Edition) by Hans Toch. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1992, 286 pp. In Violent Men, Hans Toch presents a scientifically sound examination of the intrapersonal and interpersonal factors that underlie recurrent violent behavior in men. Grounded in social learning theory, this book evaluates personal attributes (e.g., personality factors, attitudes, perceptions) of violent men as well as the social context in which their violence occurs. However, Toch does not simply lay out a list of "risk factors" for violence. Rather, by conducting highly detailed interviews of men within the criminal justice system (those profiled in Violent Men include incarcerated inmates and police officers); he provides very detailed and dynamic insights into the thoughts, motivations, and experiences of men with a propensity for violence. Thus, this book will be of interest to psychologists, criminologists, sociologists, social workers, and any other professional whose work intersects violence and the criminal justice system. This revised edition was as relevant when published in 1992-amid recent race riots, reports of police brutality, and disturbing crime statistics-as was its predecessor when published in 1969 in the wake of assassinations and race and student riots. Indeed, the need to advance our scholarly understanding of the roots of violent behavior and the methods that may reduce it is consistently en vogue. Unfortunately, a considerable amount of the data reported in Violent Men is drawn from this first edition and, as such, feels dated to the reader. More importantly, this now 15-year-old revised edition is obviously unable to consider emerging empirical and theoretical advancements in the conceptualization and treatment of violent offenders. Nevertheless, this book still merits attention. The ideas advanced by Toch will still be inspiring and thought provoking to any scientist or clinician with an interest in violence. Moreover, the scientifically sound, qualitative methodology provides a solid foundation from which contemporary researchers may continue to build. Violent Men focuses primarily upon men who are involved in the criminal justice system and are recurrent perpetrators of violence. Chapter 1 introduces a social psychological conceptualization of recurrent violent behavior and describes the methodology utilized to obtain case histories. Specifically, data were collected via highly detailed interviews of inmates within the California Department of Corrections and officers of the San Francisco and Oakland police departments. Many of these interviews were conducted by "non-professional" researchers who shared similar cultural and demographic backgrounds with interviewees. …

Violent Men: An Inquiry into the Psychology of Violence

The distinguished list of contributors examine a series of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) topics that relate to religious faith and behavior. PNI studies the relationships between mental states and the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Among the issues it focuses upon are how mental states, in general, and belief states, in particular, affect physical health. The contributors argue that religious involvement and belief can affect certain neuroendocrine and immune mechanisms, and that these mechanisms, in turn, positively affect a wide variety of health outcomes, such as susceptibility to cancer and recovery following surgery. This volume is essential reading for those interested in the relationship between religion and health.

The Link Between Religion and Health Psychoneuroimmunology and the Faith Factor

ٌذيكچ ٍمذقم : یه بَغحه تتاید ات یگذًس نْه دراَه سا یراتفر ٍ یًاٍر داؼتا اح ِؼلاطه اذل دَؽ زم ات یعرزت فذّ ِطتار بات یرٍآ ٍ یتخاٌؾًاٍر یتخعزع رد ىایلاتثه دشی زْؽ تتاید ِت ذؽ مادًا . شير يسررب : ِؼلاطه يیا رد 310 ( زفً 160 ٍ ىس 150 )دزه ِؼخازه تتاید ِت لاتثه سا ُدافتعا ات تتاید تاقیقحت شکزه ِت ُذٌٌک لٍذخ ذٌتفزگ رازق یعرزت درَه ىاگرَه ٍ یچعزک . راشتا ؼٍّضپ ِهاٌؾعزپ یاّ بات یرٍآ یتخاٌؾًاٍر یتخعزع ٍ ىَعذیَید ٍ زًاک ساَّا دَت . ُداد غوخ یاّ ةیزم سا ُدافتعا ات ُذؽ یرٍآ ىَعزیپ یگتغثوّ ٍ لقتغه یت یراهآ ىَهسآ طعَت ٍ مزً یراهآ راشفا SPSS لیلحت ٍ ِیشدت ذؽ ذً . جياتو : ٍد يیت زیغته بات یرٍآ ٍ یتخاٌؾًاٍر یتخعزع ّ رد یًدَهسآ لک رد ٍ ٍُزگ ٍد ز یٌؼه تثثه ِطتار اّ دَخٍ راد تؽاد . يیت تتاید ِت لاتثه ىادزه ٍ ىاًس رد زیغته یتخاٌؾًاٍر یتخعزع یٌؼه تٍافت راد ی ( 19 / 3 t= ، 04 / 0 p= دَخٍ ) تؽاد سا اًْآ يیت تٍافت اها رد زیغته بات یرٍآ یٌؼه .دَثً راد ٍجيتو یريگ : زیغته ؼیاشفا ات بات ،یرٍآ یتخاٌؾًاٍر یتخعزع زیغته یتتاید ىاراویت رد ؼیاشفا یه ذتای ، يیازتاٌت سا ُدافتعا يیا ؼیاشفا تْخ ةعاٌه یاّراکّار ٍد زیغته ىاراویت سا ٍُزگ يیا رد یه ةخَه ذًاَت تلاکؾه ؼّاک کاردا ىاٍر یتخاٌؽ کاردا ٍ لاات تیفیک ات یگذًس .ددزگ اٍر یتخعزع سا ىادزه ات ِغیاقه رد ىاًس رادرَخزت یزتلاات یتخاٌؾً تغّ .ذٌ

https://jssu.ssu.ac.ir/files/site1/user_files_714ef7/dadgari30-A-10-1121-1-254d4b7.pdf

The Relationship between Resilience and Hardiness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Yazd

Effectiveness of lazarus multimodal therapy on expanded disability status in patients with multiple sclerosis

/pdf/effectiveness-of-acceptance-and-commitment-based-therapy-act-544scz0y6s.pdf

Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Therapy (ACT Rehab) on Quality of Life, Severity and Duration of Pain; in Women With Chronic Low Back Pain

Introduction: Acceptance and commitment therapy [ACT] can enhance psychological flexibility andsubsequently improve mental health and quality of life of individuals. Also, recovery of patients withchronic low back pain (LBP) depends on several physical and psychological factors. Therefore, theauthors aimed to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on qualityof life of women with chronic low back pain.Materials and Methods: It was a semi-experimental research in pre-test and post-test design togetherwith control group. Participants were 14 women with chronic low back pain attending clinical centersand hospitals of Rasht who were selected by convenience sampling. Next, they were randomlyassigned to experimental (ACT+ usual medical care) and the control group (usual medical care only).Then, experimental group received ACT for 8 one-hour sessions. To analyze the data, covarianceanalysis was used. The instrument was self-reported by the World Health Organization's quality oflife. Data analysis was performed using analysis of independent t-test.Results: Results indicated reduction effect in pain severity in the patients who practiced 8 sessionsACT reported significantly lower pain than patients who only received usual medical care. Also, theresults shows that except of subscale of physical health (p < 0.38) there was significant increase in allother subscales of quality of life in experimental group (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The results show that acceptance and commitment therapy reduces pain severity andimproves the quality of life and recommends use of coping strategic with pain in patients with chroniclow back pain (CLBP). Counselling of treatment counsellors and family therapists recommended acounselling centers and family education classes in order to improve quality of life of female patientswith CLBP.

/pdf/the-effectiveness-of-acceptance-and-commitment-therapy-act-15sgnoq3rl.pdf

The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on quality of life of women with chronic low back pain

Received: 17 Jan, 2021 Accepted: 10 Feb, 2021 Abstract Background and Objectives: Fatigue and pain are the common complications in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS), which is influenced by the patients’ psychological status as well as stress. The current study aimed at investigating the protective mediating role of sense of coherence in the relationship of perceived stress with fatigue and pain in Iranian MS patients.

http://journal.muq.ac.ir/files/site1/user_files_443964/samirazarrabi-A-10-2259-1-83486b1.pdf

Mediating Role of Sense of Coherence in the Relationship of Perceived Stress with Fatigue and Pain in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Road traffic injuries are a global health challenge especially in low- and middle income countries (LMICs). Approximately 1.35 million people die each year as a result of road traffic crashes. Ninety-three percent of the global fatalities on the roads occur in LMICs, while these countries own about 60% of the world's vehicles.1 Road traffic injuries are also a major health problem in Iran. The total cost of RTIs has been reported to reach up to 7.2 billion US Dollars yearly comprising 2.19% of Iran’s Gross Domestic Production2 Traffic psychology is a main field of road safety research. Driver personality has been found to be a significant predictor of driving behavior.3 In field of personality traits, the narcissism has a long history in social psychology and clinical psychology. Narcissism is a clinical disorder of personality that is based on a set of diagnostic criteria, whether or not they are diagnosed. This is while social psychologists generally have a dimensional view of narcissism. There is no definite boundary in the scope of narcissism that distinguishes between normal and narcissistic. People with narcissistic personality tend to be superior, more specific, and more unique than others and are extremely sensitive to criticism, thus having difficulty in important areas of life such as work, education, and interpersonal relationships. Narcissistic personality presents with signs of grandiosity, mental occupation, fantasies of success, power, beauty talent, the belief that the individual is exceptional, feeling all-powerful, exploiting interpersonal relationships and lack of empathy which in turn gives rise to extreme praise and egoism. On the other hand, research has made it clear that narcissism is associated with adaptation.4 Based on threatened egotism theory, it has been argued that narcissism could lead to aggressive behavior such that subjects having high unstable self-esteem may respond defensively with anger or aggressive behavior each time they perceive a threat to their favorable self-appraisals.5,6 This situation could be assumed also to occur in transportation environment when drivers are subject to being offended or threatened by traffic behaviors of other drivers or other people involved in transportation environment. The resulting potential aggressive impulses may lead to aggressive driving that in turn could increase the risk of unwanted traffic outcomes such as violation of traffic laws and crashes. Although very few studies have investigated the association of narcissistic symptoms and aggressive driving,7,8 very little is known about association of narcissism and serious traffic outcomes such as crash and serious violation of traffic laws. The aim of current exploratory study was to determine whether there is an association between the narcissistic symptoms of professional bus drivers and high risk driving records or crashes.

/pdf/narcissistic-symptoms-among-iranian-outer-city-bus-drivers-tmh569ty4i.pdf

Narcissistic symptoms among Iranian outer-city bus drivers.

Background: Multiple sclerosis is considered a chronic disease in which physical and mental disorders are common among these patients.Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Lazarus multimodal therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on psychological distress, working memory, and anxiety in patients with multiple sclerosis.Methods: The research method was a quasi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up and a control group. The statistical population of the study was the patients who were members of the "MS Patient Support Society" in Tehran who had been referred to this center during January and March 2017. The sample consisted of 48 people selected by convenience sampling method from members of the MS community. The data were obtained through the Kessler psychological distress scale (K10), the Wechsler's Working Memory Index, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The repeated measurement method and SPSS.22 software were used to analyze data. Results: Findings showed that Lazarus Multimodal Approach and cognitive behavioral therapy had a significant effect on decreasing anxiety (p <0.001), psychological distress (p <0.001), and increasing working memory (p <0.001). The Lazarus Multimodal Approach was more effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing anxiety, psychological distress, and increasing working memory (p <0.001).Conclusion: It can be concluded that Lazarus' Multimodal Approach and cognitive behavioral therapy was effective on anxiety, psychological distress, and working memory and can be used to reduce psychological problems in patients with multiple sclerosis.

https://journal.razavihospital.ir/article_118408_03d5eb85d1b419186968da014b7e8ada.pdf

Comparison of the Effect of Lazarus Multimodal Approach and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Psychological Distress, Working Memory, and Anxiety in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Sara Pashang

Papers

Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Therapy (ACT Rehab) on Quality of Life, Severity and Duration of Pain; in Women With Chronic Low Back Pain

The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on quality of life of women with chronic low back pain

Mediating Role of Sense of Coherence in the Relationship of Perceived Stress with Fatigue and Pain in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Narcissistic symptoms among Iranian outer-city bus drivers.

Comparison of the Effect of Lazarus Multimodal Approach and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Psychological Distress, Working Memory, and Anxiety in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis