Showing papers by "Sarah E. Bohndiek published in 2015"

Photoacoustic Tomography Detects Early Vessel Regression and Normalization During Ovarian Tumor Response to the Antiangiogenic Therapy Trebananib

Abstract: The primary aim of this study was to assess the potential of in vivo photoacoustic tomography for direct functional measurement of ovarian tumor response to antiangiogenic therapy. Methods: In vivo studies were performed with institutional animal care and use committee approval. We used an orthotopic mouse model of ovarian cancer treated with trebananib (n = 9) or vehicle (n = 9). Tumor-bearing mice were randomized into trebananib or vehicle groups at day 10 and dosed on days 12, 15, and 18 after implantation. Photoacoustic tomography and blood draws were performed at day 10 and then 24 h after each drug dose. Tumors were excised for histopathology after the final studies on day 19. Data analysis to test for statistical significance was performed blinded. Results: Blockade of angiopoietin signaling using trebananib resulted in reduced total hemoglobin–weighted photoacoustic signal (n = 9, P = 0.01) and increased oxyhemoglobin-weighted photoacoustic signal (n = 9, P

Experimental evaluation of a hyperspectral imager for near-infrared fluorescent contrast agent studies

Abstract: Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) systems have the potential to combine morphological and spectral information to provide detailed and high sensitivity readouts in biological and medical applications. As HSI enables simultaneous detection in several spectral bands, the technology has significant potential for use in real-time multiplexed contrast agent studies. Examples include tumor detection in intraoperative and endoscopic imaging as well as histopathology. A multiplexed readout from multiple disease targets, such as cell surface receptors overexpressed in cancer cells, could improve both sensitivity and specificity of tumor identification. Here, we evaluate a commercial, compact, near-infrared HSI sensor that has the potential to enable low cost, video rate HSI for multiplexed fluorescent contrast agent studies in biomedical applications. The hyperspectral imager, based on a monolithically integrated Fabry-Perot etalon, has 70 spectral bands between 600-900 nm, making it ideal for this application. Initial calibration of the imager was performed to determine wavelength band response, quantum efficiency and the effect of F-number on the spectral response. A platform for wide-field fluorescence imaging in reflectance using fluorophore specific LED excitation was then developed. The applicability of the imaging platform for simultaneous readout of multiple fluorophore signals was demonstrated using a dilution series of Alexa Fluor 594 and Alexa Fluor 647, showing that nanomolar fluorophore concentrations can be detected. Our results show that the HSI system can clearly resolve the emission spectra of the two fluorophores in mixtures of concentrations across several orders of magnitude, indicating a high dynamic range performance. We therefore conclude that the HSI sensor tested here is suitable for detecting fluorescence in biomedical imaging applications.

Single-Pixel Phase-Corrected Fiber Bundle Endomicroscopy With Lensless Focussing Capability

Abstract: In this paper, a novel single-pixel method for coherent imaging through an endoscopic fiber bundle is presented. The use of a single-pixel detector allows greater sensitivity over a wider range of wavelengths, which could have significant applications in an endoscopic fluorescence microscopy. First, the principle of lensless focussing at the distal end of a coherent fiber bundle is simulated to examine the impact of pixelation at microscopic scales. Next, an experimental optical correlator system using spatial light modulators is presented. A simple contrast imaging method of characterizing and compensating phase aberrations introduced by fiber bundles is described. Experimental results are then presented showing that our phase compensation method enables characterization of the optical phase profile of individual fiberlets. After applying this correction, early results demonstrating the ability of the system to electronically adjust the focal plane at the distal end of the fiber bundle are presented. The structural similarity index between the simulated image and the experimental focus-adjusted image increases noticeably when the phase correction is applied and the retrieved image is visually recognizable. Strategies to improve image quality are discussed.

Light fluence correction for quantitative determination of tissue absorption coefficient using multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography

Abstract: MultiSpectral Optoacoustic Tomography (MSOT) is a fast developing imaging modality, combining the high resolution and penetration depth of ultrasound with the excellent contrast from optical imaging of tissue. Absorption and scattering of the near infrared excitation light modulates the spectral profile of light as it propagates deep into biological tissue, meaning the images obtained provide only qualitative insight into the distribution of tissue chromophores. The goal of this work is to accurately recover the spectral profile of excitation light by modelling light fluence in the data reconstruction, to enable quantitative imaging. We worked with a commercial small animal MSOT scanner and developed our light fluence correction for its’ cylindrical geometry. Optoacoustic image reconstruction pinpoints the sources of acoustic waves detected by the transducers and returns the initial pressure amplitude at these points. This pressure is the product of the dimensionless Gruneisen parameter, the absorption coefficient and the light fluence. Under the condition of constant Gruneisen parameter and well modelled light fluence, there is a linear relationship between the initial pressure amplitude measured in the optoacoustic image and the absorption coefficient. We were able to reproduce this linear relationship in different physical regions of an agarose gel phantom containing targets of known optical absorption coefficient, demonstrating that our light fluence model was working. We also demonstrate promising results of light fluence correction effects on in vivo data.

Evaluation of MultiSpectral Optoacoustic Tomography (MSOT) performance in phantoms and in vivo

Abstract: MultiSpectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) is an emerging modality that combines the high contrast of optical imaging with the spatial resolution and penetration depth of ultrasound, to provide detailed images of hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation. To facilitate accurate determination of changes in the vascularity and oxygenation of a biological tissue over time, a tumor in response to cancer therapy for example, an extensive study of stability and reproducibility of a small animal MSOT system has been performed. Investigations were first made with a stable phantom imaged repeatedly over time scales of hours, days and months to evaluate the reproducibility of the system over time. We found that the small animal MSOT system exhibited excellent reproducibility with a coefficient of variation (COV) in the measured MSOT signals of less than 8% over the course of 30 days and within 1.5% over a single day. Experiments performed in vivo demonstrated the potential for measurement of oxyhemoglobin over time in a realistic experimental setting. The effect of breathing medical air or oxygen under conditions of fixed respiration rate and body temperature within normal organs, including the spleen and kidneys, were investigated. The COV for oxyhemoglobin signals retrieved from spectral unmixing was assessed within both biological (different mouse) and imaging (different scan) replicates. As expected, biological replicates produced a large COV (up to 40% within the spleen) compared to imaging replicates within a single mouse (up to 10% within the spleen). Furthermore, no significant difference was found between data acquired by different operators. The data presented here suggest that MSOT is highly reproducible for both phantom and in vivo imaging, hence could reliably detect changes in oxygenation occurring in living subjects.