Meeting: International Seminar on Information and Communication Technology Statistics, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 19-21 July 2010

Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation

https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/83273/83273.pdf

Hidden Child Labor: Determinants of Housework and Family Business Work of Children in 16 Developing Countries

This paper uses household level data from National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) of India, the 55th (1999–2000) and the 61st (2004–05) rounds, to show that even with a significant wage incentive for schooling of urban children, the school drop out rate and child labour incidence are not small over this period. The parents’ level of education plays an important role in reducing this tendency; thus establishing the linkage between social and human capital outcomes in the family. We also look at the incidence of harmful and manual occupations among the child labour. Mother’s education appears as the more important factor in the recent round in curbing the manual work incidences; supporting earlier findings that women’s empowerment (one important indicator of which would be female educational level) is indeed becoming instrumental in increasing parental awareness. Using a pooled data set, we have also analysed the changes in the impact of parental education on these decisions between 1999–2000 and 2004–05.

Role of Parental Education in Schooling and Child Labour Decision: Urban India in the Last Decade

Impact of child labor on academic performance: Evidence from the program “Edúcame Primero Colombia”

We study household and context determinants of child labor for 150,000 children in 11
developing countries, with child labor rates ranging from 2 to over 20 percent. Multilevel
analysis showed socio-economic factors to be still major determinants of child labor, with
less child labor in households with more resources and in districts and countries that are
more developed. Demographic factors are also important. First-born children and
children with more siblings work more. This is also true if a parent is missing. Living in
an extended family reduces child labor among girls. Effects of household-level factors
depend on characteristics of the context, with stronger child-labor reducing effects under
more favorable circumstances. Policy measures should focus on the weakest groups and
on strengthening the position of women.

Household and context determinants of child labor in 156 districts of 11 developing countries

This paper uses household level data from National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) of India, the 55th round (1999-2000), to show that for urban male children there exists significant wage incentive for schooling, though school dropout rate and child labour incidence are not so small The parents' level of education plays an important role in reducing this tendency; thus establishing the linkage between social and human capital outcomes in the family We also look at the incidence of harmful and manual occupations among the child labour Mother's education now appears as a very important factor in curbing these incidences; supporting earlier findings that women's empowerment (one important indicator of which would be female educational level) is indeed instrumental in increasing parental awareness

Role of Women in Schooling and Child Labour Decision: The Case of Urban Boys in India.

This paper studies the impact of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGA) at the all-India level utilizing nationally representative data from the national sample survey (NSS). We propose an alternative methodology for the proper identification of target households in the baseline period using a secondary data source such as the NSS. The programme is assessed in terms of whether it has been successful in ensuring livelihood security for beneficiary households. The study found that the increase in spending capacity of non-beneficiary households was greater than MGNREGA beneficiary households. Moreover, the overall growth trend in spending capacity over time had a greater effect in improving the livelihood security of the target households than the estimated effect of the programme.

Impact of MGNREGA on the livelihood security of rural poor in India: a study using national sample survey data

The present exercise is an attempt to study the pattern of child work and child labour in India. We classify child activity depending on age, extent of work and the nature of industries they are occupied in. We formulate a deprivation index for each category of work and make some comments on the magnitude of the usual incidence measures and the deprivation adjusted measures put out by us. In this context, we consider structured light work as skill improving and hence beneficial for the children. Lastly, we study the possible determinants of such deprivation among education, income and social status related variables. We use unit level data on employment and unemployment situation in India of National Sample Survey Organization for 61st round (2004–2005).

Measuring Deprivation Due to Child Work and Child Labour: A Study for Indian Children

The issue of child labour is a frontline concern in India, as early entry into labour market at formative stage of life does mean absconding from proper schooling leading to loss of future scope of better livelihood, since the existing literature shows that there is wage premium for education in Indian labour market. In this perspective, this study aims to carry out a supply-side analysis towards examining the incidence and pattern of child labour and child schooling to test out regional and gender disparities, if any, in terms of these incidences. Socio-economic determinants across gender and region also have been identified for an everlasting way out of the crisis. The data-base utilized for the analysis has been extracted from the National Sample Survey on “Employment and Unemployment Situation in India” for the 61st large sample round (2004-2005). The pattern of child employment in a range of industries confirms the malfunctioning of lawful steps to save child labourers from mischief of occupational vulnerability. It also reveals significant discrepancy in incidence of child labour both across region and gender, but for schooling choice no considerable regional gap is substantiated.

/pdf/incidence-of-child-labour-and-child-schooling-in-india-l7v5505zkn.pdf

Saswati Das

Papers

Role of Parental Education in Schooling and Child Labour Decision: Urban India in the Last Decade

Role of Women in Schooling and Child Labour Decision: The Case of Urban Boys in India.

Impact of MGNREGA on the livelihood security of rural poor in India: a study using national sample survey data

Measuring Deprivation Due to Child Work and Child Labour: A Study for Indian Children

Incidence of Child Labour and Child Schooling in India: Pattern and Determinants