Various apparatus and methods for an actuator and display using one or more shape memory springs. A shape memory spring is heated and urges a pin to a first or extended position. The pin may be supported in the first position by a supporting mechanism. The shape memory spring is heated electically, and in some embodiments under the control of a processor. The present invention may be used to display information provided in a user interface from a computer program, including text, numerical data, and graphical images.

Apparatus and methods for a shape memory spring actuator and display

In a production process for highly strengthened springs, the process comprises performing a first shot peening to a spring steel having a hardness of a diameter of 2.7 mm or less on a Brinell ball mark while applying stress to the springs at a warm temperature in the range of 150 to 350° C.

Highly strengthened spring and process for producing the same

A method for manufacturing a coiled spring having a high fatigue strength to be used for example as a suspension spring of a car using a rod of tensile strength 1910 to 2020 N/mm 2 and diameter 8 to 17 mm. In a cold coiling step, the rod is formed into a coil. Annealing is then carried out to remove strains having arisen inside the coil during the coiling step. A hot setting step of utilizing surplus heat from the annealing step and applying a predetermined load to the coil to compress it for a predetermined time is then carried out. After that, multi-stage shot peening is carried out on the coil.

Manufacturing method of suspension spring for car

A steel wire rod for a spring for use in producing a hard drawn spring, which comprises, in mass %, C: 05 % or more and less than 07 %, Si: 14 to 25 %, Mn: 05 to 15 %, Cr: 005 to 20 % and V: 005 to 040 %, and has the area rate Rp of a pearlite structure satisfying the following formula (1): Rp (area %) = 55 x [C] + 61  (1) wherein [C] represents the content (mass %) of C A hard drawn spring produced by using the above steel wire rod exhibits the fatigue strength and resistance to setting which are comparable or superior to those of a spring produced through drawing an oil tempered steel wire rod

Steel wire rod for hard drawn spring, drawn wire rod for hard drawn spring and hard drawn spring, and method for producing hard drawn spring

A method of manufacturing helical springs from steel wire. The springs' skin is thermomechanically hardened by shot peening the unstressed springs followed by thermally destressing them, and shot peening them again. The second shot peening is carried out in at least two steps. The method produces springs that are just as strong as conventional but smaller and lighter in weight. The first one of the steps is a rough shot peening with shot that is coarser than in the second one of the steps which is a fine shot peening was shot at a lower speed than in the first step. This increases compression of the wire's surface and polishes the wire's surface.

Method for producing helical springs

A process for producing a coil spring comprises steps of: forming a wire comprising: C in an amount of 0.55 to 0.75% by weight; Si in an amount of 1.00 to 2.50% by weight; at least two primary metals selected from the primary metal group consisting of: Mn in an amount of 0.30 to 1.5% by weight; Ni in an amount of 1.00 to 4.00% by weight; Cr in an amount of 0.50 to 2.50% by weight; Mo in an amount of 0.10 to 1.00% by weight; at least one secondary metal selected from the secondary metal group consisting of: V in an amount of 0.05 to 0.60% by weight; Nb in an amount of 0.05 to 0.60% by weight; and the balance of substantially Fe; oil quenching and tempering the wire treated by cold wire drawing; hot tempering the wire, thereby preparing the annealed wire whose tensile strength σb falls in the range of from 1370 to 1670 N/mm²; cold coiling; hardening and tempering; grinding; gas nitriding; high strength two-stage shot peening; and low temperature annealing the annealed wire. Accordingly the present process can product the coil spring whose endurance limit τm is 687 ± 560MPa and which has high strength and high fatigue resistance without breakage.

Satoru C

Papers

Process for producing a coil spring