Attachment--and loss.

Importance Emerging research suggests that the global prevalence of child and adolescent mental illness has increased considerably during COVID-19. However, substantial variability in prevalence rates have been reported across the literature. Objective To ascertain more precise estimates of the global prevalence of child and adolescent clinically elevated depression and anxiety symptoms during COVID-19; to compare these rates with prepandemic estimates; and to examine whether demographic (eg, age, sex), geographical (ie, global region), or methodological (eg, pandemic data collection time point, informant of mental illness, study quality) factors explained variation in prevalence rates across studies. Data Sources Four databases were searched (PsycInfo, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) from January 1, 2020, to February 16, 2021, and unpublished studies were searched inPsycArXivon March 8, 2021, for studies reporting on child/adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms. The search strategy combined search terms from 3 themes: (1) mental illness (including depression and anxiety), (2) COVID-19, and (3) children and adolescents (age ≤18 years). ForPsycArXiv, the key termsCOVID-19,mental health, andchild/adolescentwere used. Study Selection Studies were included if they were published in English, had quantitative data, and reported prevalence of clinically elevated depression or anxiety in youth (age ≤18 years). Data Extraction and Synthesis A total of 3094 nonduplicate titles/abstracts were retrieved, and 136 full-text articles were reviewed. Data were analyzed from March 8 to 22, 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures Prevalence rates of clinically elevated depression and anxiety symptoms in youth. Results Random-effect meta-analyses were conducted. Twenty-nine studies including 80 879 participants met full inclusion criteria. Pooled prevalence estimates of clinically elevated depression and anxiety symptoms were 25.2% (95% CI, 21.2%-29.7%) and 20.5% (95% CI, 17.2%-24.4%), respectively. Moderator analyses revealed that the prevalence of clinically elevated depression and anxiety symptoms were higher in studies collected later in the pandemic and in girls. Depression symptoms were higher in older children. Conclusions and Relevance Pooled estimates obtained in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic suggest that 1 in 4 youth globally are experiencing clinically elevated depression symptoms, while 1 in 5 youth are experiencing clinically elevated anxiety symptoms. These pooled estimates, which increased over time, are double of prepandemic estimates. An influx of mental health care utilization is expected, and allocation of resources to address child and adolescent mental health concerns are essential.

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Global Prevalence of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Children and Adolescents During COVID-19: A Meta-analysis.

Temperament and development

Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China

Non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A review.

Barriers to distance learning during the COVID-19 outbreak: A qualitative review from parents’ perspective

Background The contact-tracing COVID-19 technology allows for tracing people that come in contact to individuals with COVID-19 wherever they are located. The number of tracing COVID-19 infection technology and devices is rapidly increasing. This has prompted many researchers to study the acceptability and ethical issues related to the implementation of such technology. Aim The purpose of this study was to determine the acceptability of COVID-19 contact-tracing technology and ethical issues of use. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was used. The target population was Jordanian adults (>18 years). The survey was distributed to a convenience sample of 2000 general public in Jordan. Results The results found that the number of people who accept to use COVID-19 contact-tracing technology was 71.6%. However, the percentage of people who were using this technology was 37.8. The main ethical concerns for many of participants were privacy, voluntariness, and beneficence of the data. Only income and living area were predictors for acceptability and use of tracing technology (p≤ 0.01). Conclusion The majority of Jordanians accept the implementation of contact-tracing technology for COVID-19 infection. Among ethical concerns of the implementation of such technology were privacy, beneficence and voluntariness. Implications The results of this study would help in improving the state of science regarding acceptability to use contact-tracing technology for health purposes. Moreover, the present findings provide evidence of predictors of acceptance and ethical concerns among Jordanian population about COVID-19 contact-tracing technology.

/pdf/covid-19-contact-tracing-technology-acceptability-and-h3ek6x86lm.pdf

COVID-19 Contact-Tracing Technology: Acceptability and Ethical Issues of Use

This study aimed to examine the prevalence and predictors of depression and anxiety among senior high school students in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic The study used an anonymous online survey that targeted senior high school students in Jordan Almost two thirds of students reported depressive symptoms and anxiety Father's level of education, mothers' level of education, perceived difficulties in online education, gender, and age were significant predictors of depression, while father's level of education, difficulties in online education, gender, and age were significant predictors of anxiety (p < 05) Among those identified as having depression, 307% were male and 507% were female The prevalence of anxiety among students was high, and the prevalence of anxiety in females (469%) is greater than males (276%) School health nurses and mental health counselors at schools need to emphasize the mental health and psychosocial support needs for senior high school students

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1059840520988548

Predictors of Depression and Anxiety Among Senior High School Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Context of Home Quarantine and Online Education.

AIM: This study aims to explore the prevalence rates of stigma and fear among people in Jordan during COVID-19 pandemic and to assess socio-demographic and personal factors contributing to the prevalence rates of fear and stigma among people in Jordan during COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Cross sectional descriptive design was utilized to attain the study aim. An anonymous online survey targeting people of Jordan was used and distributed to adults in Arabic language. The survey included a previously validated fear scale. Stigma was measured using developed instrument by authors. RESULTS: the prevalence of fear among study participants was 52%. In addition, the prevalence of stigma toward infected people and their contact was 64%. The predictors of stigma toward infected people with COVID-19 and their contact were income, living area, and downloaded application to trace COVID-19 cases. Moreover, the predictors of fear were income living area and downloaded application to trace COVID-19 cases (P≤ .001). CONCLUSION: More than 50% of the respondents were afraid from COVID-19 and 64 % had stigma toward infected people and their contact during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study highlights the need for an intervention that provides psychological support to citizens during the pandemic.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ijcp.13899

Fear of COVID-19 and stigmatization towards infected people among Jordanian people.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a rapid global spread. All individuals of all age groups are at risk of COVID-19. This study aims to describe the knowledge and attitude of Jordanian parents regarding COVID-19 in children, including clinical signs of the disease, modes of transmission and protection measures. METHOD: A cross-section study amongst Jordanian parents was conducted. The size of the sample was 810. Information regarding the clinical signs of the disease, modes of transmission, protection measures against COVID-19 and satisfaction with governmental measures was collected. RESULTS: The findings indicate that the parents had a good understanding of the clinical signs, mode of transmission and protection measures and were satisfied with governmental measures. According to the parents' responses, the resource they used the most about COVID-19 was social media (78%), followed by news channels. Many correctly stated that fever was a clinical sign, followed by cough (77%). Almost 90% of the parents have an appropriate attitude towards companioning children within crowds. Generally, people are more susceptible to the virus within crowds. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we believe that the findings reported here are important for understanding the clinical characteristics and vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in children, from the perspective of parents. The knowledge of parents about COVID-19 in children was considered good in the case of most parents. This knowledge helps with creating educational programs to increase awareness for areas that have weaknesses.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ijcp.13671

Sawsan Abuhammad

Papers

Barriers to distance learning during the COVID-19 outbreak: A qualitative review from parents’ perspective

COVID-19 Contact-Tracing Technology: Acceptability and Ethical Issues of Use

Predictors of Depression and Anxiety Among Senior High School Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Context of Home Quarantine and Online Education.

Fear of COVID-19 and stigmatization towards infected people among Jordanian people.

Parents' knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 in children: A Jordanian Study.