While rare compared to female breast cancer the incidence of male breast cancer (MBC) has increased in the last few decades. Without comprehensive epidemiological studies, the explanation for the increased incidence of MBC can only be speculated. Nevertheless, one of the most worrying global public health issues is the exponential rise in the number of overweight and obese people, especially in the developed world. Although obesity is not considered an established risk factor for MBC, studies have shown increased incidence among obese individuals. With this observation in mind, this article highlights the correlation between the increased incidence of MBC and the current trends in obesity as a growing problem in the 21st century, including how this may impact treatment. With MBC becoming more prominent we put forward the notion that, not only is obesity a risk factor for MBC, but that increasing obesity trends are a contributing factor to its increased incidence.

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Obesity and male breast cancer: provocative parallels?

https://lucris.lub.lu.se/ws/files/1595611/5049491.pdf

Molecular profiling of male breast cancer - lost in translation?

Breast cancer is a group of diseases with various subtypes and leads to high mortality throughout the globe. Various conventional techniques are in practice to cure breast cancer but these techniques are linked with various shortcomings. Mostly these treatments are not site directed and cause toxicity towards normal cells. In order to overcome these issues, we need smart system that can deliver anticancer drugs to specific sites. Targeted drug delivery can be achieved via passive or active drug delivery using nanocarriers. This mode of drug delivery is more effective against breast cancer and may help in the reduction of mortality rate. Potentially used nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery belong to organic and inorganic molecules. Various FDA approved nano products are in use to cure breast cancer. However, body's defense system is main limitation for potential use of nano systems. However, this can be overcome by surface modification of nanocarriers. In this review, breast cancer and its types, targeted drug delivery and nanocarriers used to cure breast cancer are discussed. By progressing nanotechnology, we will be able to fight against this life threatening issue and serve the humanity, which is the basic aim of scientific knowledge.

Nanomaterials as nanocarriers: a critical assessment why these are multi-chore vanquisher in breast cancer treatment.

Background. The risk of cancer in men from BRCA1 and BRCA2 families is relevant to define to motivate genetic testing and optimize recommendations for surveillance.Material and methods. We assessed the risk of cancer in male mutation carriers and their first-degree relatives in 290 BRCA1 and BRCA2 families with comparison to matched controls with the aim to motivate genetic testing and optimize recommendations for surveillance.Results. Mutation carriers in BRCA1 families were not at increased risk of cancer, whereas mutation carriers in BRCA2 families were at increased risk of male breast cancer and prostate cancer with cumulative risks of 12.5% and 18.8%, respectively. Breast cancer developed at a mean age of 59 years, typically as ER/PR positive ductal carcinomas. Prostate cancer developed at a mean age of 68 years, with Gleason scores ≥ 8 in 40% of the tumors. The hazard ratio for BRCA2-associated prostate cancer was 3.7 (p < 0.001) in mutation carriers and 3.1 (p = 0.001) in first-degree relatives. Of...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/0284186X.2015.1067714

Increased risk of male cancer and identification of a potential prostate cancer cluster region in BRCA2.

Intracystic papillary carcinoma (IPC) is defined as cancer that develops from the wall of a cyst in the breast. As breast cancer in men accounts for only 1% of all breast cancers, male IPC is an extremely rare form of the disease. The present case report examines IPC in a man, along with an in-depth literature discussion. A 64-year-old Japanese man noticed a mass in the right breast and sought medical attention. An elastic and soft neoplastic 3-cm lesion was palpated in the right papilla. As a 1-cm solid tumor with a gradual rise from the cyst wall was confirmed within the cyst, vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) was performed on that site. Pathological examination of the biopsy revealed heterotypic cells with an enlarged oval nucleus forming dense papillary structures mainly of vascular connective tissue component. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) confirmed thickening of the wall that protruded outside the cyst. The preoperative diagnosis was right breast cancer (male IPC) TisN0M0 stage 0 luminal B-like. Total mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy were performed. In the excised specimen, a 4.0-cm unilocular cyst was found, along with a 1-cm solid tumor with a gradual rise from the cyst wall. Pathological diagnosis of the resected specimen shared similar characteristics with the solid tumor in the cyst: notably, an oval nucleus with histologically clear nucleolus and fine granular chromatin, cylindrically shaped heterotypic cells, and the presence of basophilic cells in the papillary growth with a thin stem of fibrovasculature as the axis. Some invasion of tumor cells into the interstitium was confirmed. As such, the final diagnosis was right breast cancer (male IPC) T2N0M0 stage IIA luminal B-like. The expression of hormone receptor (ER and PgR) was high, and endocrine therapy was initiated postoperatively (20 mg/day tamoxifen). At the present time (3 months postoperation), there has not been any evidence of metastasis. We reported a rare case of an IPC in the male breast, along with a literature review.

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Será D

Papers

Breast carcinoma in men