Showing papers by "Serge Brédart published in 2018"
TL;DR: It is indicated that people frequently use spontaneous strategies based on a search for structural, semantic, and contextual information about the target person, whereas providing structural or semantic information is usually not helpful.
Abstract: Personal names are particularly susceptible to retrieval failures. In the present paper, studies describing people's spontaneous strategies for resolving failures in recalling personal names as well as laboratory studies of experimentally induced resolution of name recall failures are reviewed. The review indicates that people frequently use spontaneous strategies based on a search for structural, semantic, and contextual information about the target person. On the other hand, both cueing and priming experimental studies have shown that providing phonological information may help resolve a recall failure, whereas providing structural or semantic information is usually not helpful. A possible explanation of this discrepancy between the spontaneous use of semantic/contextual information and the experimentally demonstrated uselessness of this kind of information is provided. Finally, the role of syntactical similarity (belonging or not to the same part of speech) in the efficiency of phonological priming is discussed.
2 citations
02 Jan 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated whether this own-name bias can be impacted by a strong closeness between the self and the comparison target, by examining whether the bias would still occur in pairs of twins and found that twins recall more people with the same first name as their own than did their co-twins.
Abstract: It has been previously shown that participants recall a greater number of known (familiar or famous) people with the same first name as their own than do paired participants, and vice versa. For example, if Mary and Sarah were paired, Mary recalled, on average, more people called “Mary” but fewer people called “Sarah” than Sarah did. The present study evaluated further whether this own-name bias can be impacted by a strong closeness between the self and the comparison target, by examining whether the bias would still occur in pairs of twins. The results showed that twins recalled more people with the same first name as their own than did their co-twins. Thus, the present study showed that an own-name bias in memory may occur between twins. However, the size of the effect obtained in the present study was smaller than in identical experiments previously conducted with less intimate participants.