2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.

https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/preview/1797952/1-s2.0-S0140673618322797-main.pdf

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/164632/2/01_Bin%2bSayeed_Global%252C_regional%252C_and_national_2018.pdf

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, andyears lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematicanalysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

WRITING GROUP MEMBERS Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, SCM, FAHA Michael J. Blaha, MD, MPH Stephanie E. Chiuve, ScD Mary Cushman, MD, MSc, FAHA Sandeep R. Das, MD, MPH, FAHA Rajat Deo, MD, MTR Sarah D. de Ferranti, MD, MPH James Floyd, MD, MS Myriam Fornage, PhD, FAHA Cathleen Gillespie, MS Carmen R. Isasi, MD, PhD, FAHA Monik C. Jiménez, ScD, SM Lori Chaffin Jordan, MD, PhD Suzanne E. Judd, PhD Daniel Lackland, DrPH, FAHA Judith H. Lichtman, PhD, MPH, FAHA Lynda Lisabeth, PhD, MPH, FAHA Simin Liu, MD, ScD, FAHA Chris T. Longenecker, MD Rachel H. Mackey, PhD, MPH, FAHA Kunihiro Matsushita, MD, PhD, FAHA Dariush Mozaffarian, MD, DrPH, FAHA Michael E. Mussolino, PhD, FAHA Khurram Nasir, MD, MPH, FAHA Robert W. Neumar, MD, PhD, FAHA Latha Palaniappan, MD, MS, FAHA Dilip K. Pandey, MBBS, MS, PhD, FAHA Ravi R. Thiagarajan, MD, MPH Mathew J. Reeves, PhD Matthew Ritchey, PT, DPT, OCS, MPH Carlos J. Rodriguez, MD, MPH, FAHA Gregory A. Roth, MD, MPH Wayne D. Rosamond, PhD, FAHA Comilla Sasson, MD, PhD, FAHA Amytis Towfighi, MD Connie W. Tsao, MD, MPH Melanie B. Turner, MPH Salim S. Virani, MD, PhD, FAHA Jenifer H. Voeks, PhD Joshua Z. Willey, MD, MS John T. Wilkins, MD Jason HY. Wu, MSc, PhD, FAHA Heather M. Alger, PhD Sally S. Wong, PhD, RD, CDN, FAHA Paul Muntner, PhD, MHSc On behalf of the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

Giant Papillae Versus Lymphoid Follicles of the Conjunctiva.

Affordability of cataract surgery using the Big Mac prices

A survey on a representative sample of population showed that inflammatory trachoma is rare in Republic of Djibouti. However, it is significatively more frequent in rural surroundings (0.4%, standard rates) than in urban surroundings (0.4%, standard rates) where it affects particularly people recently coming from border countries. In rural surroundings the frequency changes according to the distances from capital (p = 0.01). On the contrary, cicatricial trachoma is more frequent in the city (16.4%) than in rural surroundings (8.2%--Standard rates). The blindnesses caused by trachoma are relatively rare (0.1%) when entropiontrichiasis appear especially in urban surroundings (0.7%) where people from Arab Peninsula are the most affected (p = 0.008). When comparing with the 1968 situation, we notice a perceptible decrease of the prevalence of trachoma and also the disappearing of ethnic differences which existed at that time concerning the illness active forms. This good evolution is probably due to the effects of several mass campaigns added to an improvement of accessibility to medical care.

Epidemiological course of trachoma in Djibouti

Parmi les causes de cecite rencontrees dans les pays en developpement, la xerophtalmie et le trachome affectent plus particulierement les enfants. Leur prise en charge, sur le plan de la sante publique, necessite non seulement la connaissance de la situation epidemiologique initiale, mais aussi celle de son evolution sous l’effet des mesures prises. Ceci implique l’utilisation de methodes d’evaluation qui soient non seulement fiables, mais aussi suffisamment simples et peu couteuses pour pouvoir etre utilisees aussi souvent qu’il le faut. Jusqu’a present les methodes proposees etaient trop lourdes a mettre en œuvre. Notre etude a porte sur un echantillon randomise de 450 enfants de 4 a 6 ans. Elle avait pour objectif d’etudier l’interet de l’utilisation combinee de deux methodes recentes d’evaluation epidemiologique : le test d’impression conjonctivale transferee (ICT) pour la xerophtalmie et la classification simplifiee pour le trachome. En ce qui concerne la xerophtalmie le test ICT, facilement utilisable sur le terrain, a confirme les resultats fournis par l’examen clinique. S’agissant du trachome, l’utilisation de la classification simplifiee s’est averee particulierement satisfaisante, permettant d’evaluer la situation epidemiologique de facon tres pragmatique. L’analyse des resultats a confirme l’existence d’une relation entre le resultat du test ICT et le trachome : le taux de tests ICT anormaux est 1,7 fois plus eleve chez les enfants trachomateux que chez les non-trachomateux (risque relatif ajuste sur l’âge, le lieu de residence et l’etat nutritionnel). A condition de n’exprimer les resultats du test ICT que chez les enfants exempts de maladies conjonctivales, l’association de ce test avec le diagnostic simplifie du trachome represente donc un outil epidemiologique interessant pour la prevention de la cecite en zone sahelienne.

Prévention de la cécité chez l’enfant : une méthodologie d’évaluation simplifiée

In developing countries, cataracts are a serious public health problem. There are a large number of patients, an estimated 3 millions in Africa alone, awaiting operations. However, the number of surgical interventions is small for a variety of reasons, including the cost. To try to reduce the cost of surgery, we analysed the various elements involved at the African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology (AITO) in Bamako (Mali). The route followed by the patient, from contact with the health service through to post-operative health care was analysed in terms of individual jobs, supplies and equipment required. The unit cost of each of these elements was assessed using an adapted calculation method. The results show that the cost of the removal of the lens at the AITO is 15,200 FCFA (or $56). Installing an intra-ocular lens significantly improves the outcome for a similar cost (16,500 FCFA or $60). The relative costs of various elements were as follows: food, 32%, the suture, 12%; and equipment only 13%. Thus, to reduce the overall cost of surgery for cataracts, ambulatory surgery should be organised, with efforts to reduce the costs of suture. High quality equipment should be used, because its life-span is such that it can be amortised over a long period.

Serge Resnikoff

Papers

Giant Papillae Versus Lymphoid Follicles of the Conjunctiva.

Affordability of cataract surgery using the Big Mac prices

Epidemiological course of trachoma in Djibouti

Prévention de la cécité chez l’enfant : une méthodologie d’évaluation simplifiée

[The cost of the surgical treatment of cataracts at the African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology (Bamako, Mali)].