Carbon-centric adsorbents (CCA) are diverse forms, from simple biochar (BC) to graphene derivatives, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and activated carbon (AC), which have been vastly explored for their removal of a plethora of pollutants, including heavy metals (HM). The prominent features of CCA are their operational attributes like extensive surface area, the occurrence of flexible surface functional groups, etc. This work offers a comprehensive examination of contemporary research on CCA for their superior metal removal aptitude and performances in simulated solutions and wastewater flows; via portraying the recent research advances as an outlook on the appliances of CACs for heavy metal adsorption for removal via distinct forms like AC, BC, Graphene oxide (GO), and CNTs. The bibliometric analysis tool was employed to highlight the number of documents, country-wise contribution, and co-occurrence mapping based on the Scopus database. The coverage of research works in this review is limited to the last 5 years (2017–2021) to highlight recent progress and prospects in using CCAs such as AC, BC, GO, and CNTs to remove HM from aqueous media, which makes the review unique. Besides an overview of the common mechanisms of CACs, the future scope of CAC, especially towards HM mitigation, is also discussed in this review. This review endorses that further efforts should be commenced to enhance the repertory of CCAs that effectively eliminate multiple targeted metals in both simulated and real wastewater. 

Carbon-based adsorbents as proficient tools for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution: A state of art-review emphasizing recent progress and prospects.

Lead pollution has taken immense consideration of the industrialists, environmentalists, policymakers and health workers due to its public health concerns. The wastewater generated from the industries has a noteworthy role in lead (Pb(II)) contamination to the environment. In addition to human health concerns, Pb(II) has a considerable dilemma on the vegetation and fauna of the environment and can inadequately manipulate the intact ecosystem due to its terrible toxicity after getting contaminated with Pb(II). Researchers have explored several ways to combat to Pb(II) contamination problem. The entire techniques explored at present are not suitable in the aspects of “sustainability” and “eco-friendliness” and thus “cleaner strategies” are going to be dominated over other techniques in shortly noon. This aspect is lacking in the literature and hence covered in this review to ease the difficulties of the industrialists, environmentalists and policymakers in finding such cleaner and ecofriendly techniques. Thus, we primarily intended to emphasize the cleaner and advanced techniques for treatment of Pb(II) containing industrial wastewater therefore, cleaner and advanced techniques including integrated/combined technologies are critically discussed in this review. The recent development in the cleaner strategies has also been explained well. The Pb(II) water contamination sources and its toxicity to human health and plants are also elucidated in this paper for a healthier understanding of Pb(II) contagion annoyance. 

A critical review on lead removal from industrial wastewater: Recent advances and future outlook

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as toxic metal (loid)s and other emerging hazardous contaminants, exist in the environment and poses a serious threat. A large amount of wastewater containing PTEs such as cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, arsenic, lead, zinc, etc. Release from industries during production process. Besides these, chemical-based fertilizers used in soils during crop production have become one of the crucial sources of PTEs. Various techniques are being employed for the mitigation of PTEs like chemical precipitation, ion exchange, coagulation, activated carbon, adsorption, membrane filtration, and bioremediation. Among these mitigation strategies, biological processes such as bioremediation, phytoremediation etc. Are extensively used, as they are economic have high-efficiency rate and are eco-friendly. This review intends to provide information on PTEs contamination through various sources; along with the toxicity of metal (loid)s with respect to their patterns of transmission and risks in the changing environment. Various remediation methods for the management of these pollutants along with their techno-economic perspective are also summarized in this review. 

Integrated approaches to mitigate threats from emerging potentially toxic elements: A way forward for sustainable environmental management.

Arsenic in drinking water: overview of removal strategies and role of chitosan biosorbent for its remediation

Because of the alarming rate of human population growth, technological improvement should be needed to save the environment from pollution. The practice of business as usual on material production is not creating a circular economy. The circular economy refers to an economic model whose objective is to produce goods and services sustainably, by limiting the consumption and waste of resources (raw materials, water, and energy). Fungal-based composites are the recently implemented technology that fulfills the concept of the circular economy. It is made with the complex of fungi mycelium and organic substrates by using fungal mycelium as natural adhesive materials. The quality of the composite depends on both types of fungi and substrate. To ensure the physicochemical property of the fabricated composite, mycelium morphology, bimolecular content, density, compressive strength, thermal stability, and hydrophobicity were determined. This composite is proven to be used for different applications such as packaging, architectural designs, walls, and insulation. It also has unique features in terms of low cost, low emission, and recyclable.

https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijbm/2022/8401528.pdf

Mycelium-Based Composite: The Future Sustainable Biomaterial

Human and industrial activities produce and discharge wastes containing heavy metals into the water resources making them polluted, threatening human health and the ecosystem. Biosorption, the process of passive cation binding by dead or living biomass, represents a potentially cost-effective way of eliminating toxic heavy metals from industrial wastewater. The abilities of microorganisms to remove metal ions in solution have been extensively studied; in particular, live and dead fungi have been recognized as a promising class of low-cost adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions. The biosorption behavior of fungal biomass is getting attention due to its several advantages; hence, it needs to be explored further to take its maximum advantage on wastewater treatment. This review discusses the live and dead fungi characteristics of sorption, factors influencing heavy metal removal, and the biosorption capacities for heavy metal ions removal and also discusses the biosorption mechanisms.

/pdf/comparative-utilization-of-dead-and-live-fungal-biomass-for-3w2gs3aqj8.pdf

Comparative Utilization of Dead and Live Fungal Biomass for the Removal of Heavy Metal: A Concise Review.

The utilization of microbial pectinase in different industries has been increased in its world demand. The major sources of pectinase are microorganisms mainly bacteria, fungi and yeast. The utilization of low-cost agro-industrial wastes as substrates has been preferable in pectinase production. Pectinase production faced various parameters optimization constraints such as temperature, pH and production times which are the main factors in pectinase production. The pectinase enzyme is getting attention due to its several advantages; hence, it needs to be explored further to take its maximum advantage in different industries. This review discusses the pectin substance structure, substrate for pectinase production, factors influencing pectinase production, the industrial application of microbial pectinase and also discusses challenges and future opportunities of applying microbial pectinase in industry.

/pdf/pectinase-from-microorganisms-and-its-industrial-2sokd056.pdf

Pectinase from Microorganisms and Its Industrial Applications

Environmental pollution due to the development of industries in recent times is a great threat to living beings. Different industries released heavy metals into the water body. These heavy metals can be toxic, carcinogenic, and cause threats to human beings and the aquatic environment. So, there is a serious challenge to remove heavy metals from wastewater. Biosorption of heavy metals using fungus or mycoremediation is a widely used technology due to low cost, high biomass, and eco-friendly nature. When compared to fungal biomass with other biosorbents, fungal biomasses are more accessible as a waste product from industry and give economic advantages. Most fungi applied to remove heavy metals are non-pathogenic and can be simply used without any safety issues. Fungal biosorption largely depends on various factors such as pH, metal ion, and biomass concentration and to a limited extent on temperature. This review article focused on collected and disseminated facts on different fungal adsorbents which are important for the removal of heavy metals and offer information about biosorption mechanisms as well as a functional group of fungus involved for the removal of different heavy metals.

Mycoremediation: Fungal-Based Technology for Biosorption of Heavy Metals – A Review

Bacterial pectinase is an enzyme that could be employed in numerous sectors to break down pectin polysaccharide compounds. The goal of this study is to find pectinase-producing bacteria in avocado peel waste and see if the pectinase enzyme produced can be used to make fruit juice clarification.The researchers isolated four different bacterial strains from avocado peel waste samples. The potential two bacterial isolates that were identified as being Serratia marcescens and Lysinibacillus macrolides. Finally, the analysis of pectinase production and its application in fruit juice clarification were performed using one of the bacterial strains of Serratia marcescens. The clear apple, lemon, and mango juices were further processed to assess each juice's properties. The highest antioxidant activity was recorded in lemon juice samples. The lemon juice showed the highest total titratable acidity and total phenol content. Apple juices contained the highest total soluble solids, reducing sugar content, and viscosity and the mango juices have the maximum pH value recorded.The pectinase isolated from the bacterium Serratia marcescens could clear fruit juices. This pectinase needs to be studied more to make sure it works better in the fruit industry and other businesses. 

/pdf/isolation-and-characterization-of-pectinase-producing-178oe5k4.pdf

Isolation and characterization of pectinase-producing bacteria (Serratia marcescens) from avocado peel waste for juice clarification

Abstract Purpose The textile industry’s previous chemical use resulted in thousands of practical particulate emissions, such as machine component damage and drainage system blockage, both of which have practical implications. Enzyme-based textile processing is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, non-hazardous, and water-saving. The purpose of this review is to give evidence on the potential activity of microbial cellulase in the textile industry, which is mostly confined to the realm of research. Methods This review was progressive by considering peer-reviewed papers linked to microbial cellulase production, and its prospective application for textile industries was appraised and produced to develop this assessment. Articles were divided into two categories based on the results of trustworthy educational journals: methods used to produce the diversity of microorganisms through fermentation processes and such approaches used to produce the diversity of microbes through microbial fermentation. Submerged fermentation (SMF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) techniques are currently being used to meet industrial demand for microbial cellulase production in the bio textile industry. Results Microbial cellulase is vital for increasing day to day due to its no side effect on the environment and human health becoming increasingly important. In conventional textile processing, the gray cloth was subjected to a series of chemical treatments that involved breaking the dye molecule’s amino group with Cl − , which started and accelerated dye(-resistant) bond cracking. A cellulase enzyme is primarily derived from a variety of microbial species found in various ecological settings as a biotextile/bio-based product technology for future needs in industrial applications. Conclusion Cellulase has been produced for its advantages in cellulose-based textiles, as well as for quality enhancement and fabric maintenance over traditional approaches. Cellulase’s role in the industry was microbial fermentation processes in textile processing which was chosen as an appropriate and environmentally sound solution for a long and healthy lifestyle. 

/pdf/microbial-cellulase-production-and-its-potential-application-36jtzo19.pdf

Setegn Haile

Papers

Comparative Utilization of Dead and Live Fungal Biomass for the Removal of Heavy Metal: A Concise Review.

Pectinase from Microorganisms and Its Industrial Applications

Mycoremediation: Fungal-Based Technology for Biosorption of Heavy Metals – A Review

Isolation and characterization of pectinase-producing bacteria (Serratia marcescens) from avocado peel waste for juice clarification

Microbial cellulase production and its potential application for textile industries