Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Polysaccharides protect fibroblasts against UVA-induced photoaging via JNK/c-Jun/MMPs pathway.

Background/Aim: Natural skin whiteners have been investigated for centuries. The development of preparations that safely achieve whitening of hyper-pigmented skin lesions is a challenge for the cosmetics industry. Furthermore, promoting rapid wound healing and minimizing inflammation in injured skin are key to prevent from abnormal pigmentation in scar tissue. Natural products, including the fungus Tremella fuciformis (TF), are attracting attention as potential sources of lead compounds for these applications. Materials and Methods: We investigated the in vitro effects of TF on melanogenesis in murine B16F10 cells. Melanin and tyrosinase levels were measured after treatment with TF. Wound healing in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts (Detroit 551) was also determined via cell migration assay prior to TF exposure. Results: TF significantly decreased melanin content and tyrosinase expression in a concentration-dependent manner in B16F10 cells. Furthermore, TF promoted wound healing in human HaCaT keratinocytes and Detroit 551 fibroblasts. Conclusion: TF proved effectively on inhibiting melanogenesis and promoting wound healing in vitro, demonstrating its potential as a novel skin-whitening agent. However, further clinical studies of safety and efficacy are required.

Tremella fuciformis Inhibits Melanogenesis in B16F10 Cells and Promotes Migration of Human Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes

Skincare products play a crucial role in preventing the dry skin induced by various causes. Certain ingredients can help to improve the efficacy of skincare products. Galactomyces ferment filtrate (GFF) is such a functional ingredient. Its use originated from the empirical observation that the hands of sake brewers who deal with yeast fermentation retain a beautiful and youthful appearance. Consequently, skincare products based on GFF are widely used throughout the world. Recent studies have demonstrated that GFF activates an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and upregulates the expression of filaggrin, a pivotal endogenous source of natural moisturizing factors, in epidermal keratinocytes. It also activates nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2), the antioxidative master transcription factor, and exhibits potent antioxidative activity against oxidative stress induced by ultraviolet irradiation and proinflammatory cytokines, which also accelerate inflammaging. GFF-mediated NRF2 activation downregulates the expression of CDKN2A, which is known to be overexpressed in senescent keratinocytes. Moreover, GFF enhances epidermal terminal differentiation by upregulating the expression of caspase-14, claudin-1, and claudin-4. It also promotes the synthesis of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-37 and downregulates the expression of proallergic cytokine IL-33 in keratinocytes. In addition, GFF downregulates the expression of the CXCL14 and IL6R genes, which are involved in inflammaging. These beneficial properties might underpin the potent barrier-protecting and anti-inflammaging effects of GFF-containing skin formulae.

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Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate Potentiates an Anti-Inflammaging System in Keratinocytes

Photoaging and carcinogenesis are facilitated by oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Oxidative effects include DNA damage, membrane oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and alterations in the expression of p53 and antioxidant enzymes. The inflammatory and angiogenesis mediators include interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-8, transforming growth factor-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor. ECM remodeling includes alterations in the expression and organization of collagen, elastin, matrix metalloproteinases, and elastase. 1α, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and ECM regulatory properties, and can counteract the processes that facilitate photoaging and carcinogenesis. This review provides an overview of the beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation at a molecular level, followed by a brief discussion regarding its use as a supplement.

https://parjournal.net/article/download/4536

Anti-aging and anti-carcinogenic effects of 1α, 25-dihyroxyvitamin D3 on skin

Background Facial skin is exposed to the environment, which marks it with obvious signs of aging. Based on multi-dimensional non-invasive evaluation data, female facial skin can be characterized in detail. However, there are few studies on the general aging rules of facial skin. Most skin aging studies divide the ages into 5–10-year intervals, so they have lacked dynamic matching with facial skin aging. Aim To explore facial skin aging rules, discuss the main parameters of facial skin aging, propose an unequal-distance aging division method based on the main skin parameters, and study the skin characteristics of Chinese women of different aging stages. Methods We comprehensively described the skin status as 24 non-invasive skin parameters belonging to five dimensions: skin wrinkles, texture, stain, color and barrier function. We performed polynomial fitting on the 21 skin parameters that were significantly correlated with age and derived the rules of aging in the different dimensions. Based on the wrinkle dimension, the facial skin aging process was divided into four stages, and the skin characteristics of the different stages were compared. Results Skin wrinkles increased, texture deteriorated, acne decreased, pigment spots increased, skin tone darkened, and sebum secretion decreased with age, according to the polynomial fitting. The aging stage was divided into an incubation period (18–30 years old), an aging occurrence period (31–42 years old), a rapid aging period (43–47 years old), and a stable aging period (48–60 years old), according to the wrinkles. Different aging stages had different skin characteristics. Conclusion The incubation period is the critical period for the appearance of skin stains; the skin texture gradually deteriorates during the aging occurrence period; the rapid aging period is a critical period for the aging of skin parameters; skin status during the stable aging period is the worst.

/pdf/facial-skin-aging-stages-in-chinese-females-3o2i5hx0.pdf

Facial Skin Aging Stages in Chinese Females

Aging is a natural phenomenon that affects the whole body, including the skin. As we age, endogenous and exogenous factors cause our skin to become thinner, paler, and wrinkled. Although the underlying mechanisms of the pathogenesis of skin aging are not entirely known, multiple pathways have been proposed. Inflammaging has recently emerged as a pathway that correlates aging and age-related diseases with inflammation. This review discusses the role and pathways of inflammaging that lead to skin aging. Moreover, strategies and current topical approaches for skin-aging treatment are discussed. Studies over the past 10 years suggested that DNA damage and oxidative stress are the most critical mechanisms in skin aging, and both are interlinked with inflammaging. Several treatments for skin aging have been considered such as antioxidants, hormone replacement therapy, and vitamins. To deliver anti-aging agents topically, researchers adopted numerous approaches to enhance skin penetration including physical, chemical, or biomaterial enhancers and carrier-based formulations. In recent years, consumers' demands for anti-aging products have considerably risen, leading to robust growth in the anti-aging market. Therefore, further in-depth studies are necessary to understand skin-aging mechanisms and evaluate the efficacy of anti-aging products to protect consumers worldwide by providing them safe and effective over-the-counter skin-aging formulations.

Shams F. Youssef

Papers

Current Topical Strategies for Skin-Aging and Inflammaging Treatment: Science versus Fiction.