http://library.um.ac.id/free-contents/downloadpdf.php/buku/focus-groups-as-qualitative-research-by-morgan-david-l-11476.pdf

Focus groups as qualitative research / by Morgan, David L.

Modern hardware and software development has led to an evolution of user interfaces from command-line to natural user interfaces for virtual immersive environments. Gestures imitating real-world interaction tasks increasingly replace classical two-dimensional interfaces based on Windows/Icons/Menus/Pointers (WIMP) or touch metaphors. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to survey the state-of-the-art Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) techniques with a focus on the special field of three-dimensional interaction. This includes an overview of currently available interaction devices, their applications of usage and underlying methods for gesture design and recognition. Focus is on interfaces based on the Leap Motion Controller (LMC) and corresponding methods of gesture design and recognition. Further, a review of evaluation methods for the proposed natural user interfaces is given.

Review of Three-Dimensional Human-Computer Interaction with Focus on the Leap Motion Controller

In this paper, we discuss and speculate about the concept of the Tactile Robot connected with human operators via smart wearables as an essential multimodal embodiment of the coming Tactile Internet. The Tactile Robot, succeeding the recently introduced kinesthetic soft robot, is the upcoming next step in the evolution of rapidly developing robotic platforms that are capable of sensitive physical interaction with their environment. From the combination of rich tactile feedback with state-of-the-art robotics, technology, and algorithms emerge the potential of a meaningful and immersive connection to human operators via the vastly progressing smart wearables and virtual reality/augmented reality devices, effectively creating real-world avatars. Moreover, the Tactile Internet is believed to make it possible to create avatar collectives spanning different application domains and, therefore, cover heterogeneous robotic platforms. We hypothesize that this development will enable us to seamlessly interact with heterogeneous systems such as industrial assembly lines, service robots, automated medical units, or even deep sea and space exploration units. This new paradigm of an immersive coexistence between humans and robots builds on numerous technological advances in robotics, multimodal teleoperation, wearable technology, distributed computing, or network technology, for example. However, such a vision obviously poses major challenges in multiple areas that are still to be overcome. In this paper, we discuss the potentials and enabling technologies together with foreseeable application domains in the framework of the Tactile Internet. Furthermore, we address major challenges and hypothesize about potential solutions.

Tactile Robots as a Central Embodiment of the Tactile Internet

The myoelectric interfaces are being used in rehabilitation technology, assistance and as an input device. This review focuses on an insightful analysis of the data acquisition system of EMG signals from these interfaces. According to applications reported in research articles of the last five years, the properties of the sensors, the number of channels, the pre-processing of the EMG signal, as well as the software and hardware used were identified. This analysis was performed for the following applications: monitoring of muscular activation for rehabilitation, muscle activation plans, and identification of possible pathologies, exoskeletons, electric of wheelchairs, prosthetics control, myoelectric bracelets, handwriting recognition and silent speech recognition. The results presented in this review become a guide of recommendations for the myoelectric signal processing according to the application of the interface. The main developments, degrees of research and open challenges are also presented in this direction.

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Myoelectric Interfaces and Related Applications: Current State of EMG Signal Processing–A Systematic Review

ANN-based automated scaffold builder activity recognition through wearable EMG and IMU sensors

As there is a need for innovative and new medical technologies in the healthcare, we identified Thalmic's “MYO Armband”, which is used for gaming systems and controlling applications in mobiles and computers. We can exploit this development in the field of medicine and healthcare to improve public health care system. So, we spotted “MYO diagnostics”, a computer-based application developed by Thalmic labs to understand Electromyography (EMG) lines (graphs), bits of vector data, and electrical signals of our complicated biology inside our arm. The human gestures will allow to gather huge amount of data and series of EMG lines which can be analysed to detect medical abnormalities and hand movements. This application has powerful algorithms which are translated into commands to recognise human hand gestures. The effect of doctors experience on user satisfaction metrics in using MYO armband can be measured in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction which are based on the metrics-task completion, error counts, task times and satisfaction scores. In this paper, we considered only satisfaction metrics using a widely used System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire model to study the usability on the twenty-four medical students of the Brighton and Sussex Medical School. This helps in providing guidelines about the use of MYO armband for physiotherapy analysis by the doctors and patients. Another questionnaire with a focus on ergonomic (human factors) issues related to the use of the device such as social acceptability, ease of use and ease of learning, comfort and stress, attempted to discover characteristics of hand gestures using MYO. The results of this study can be used in a way to support the development of interactive physiotherapy analysis by individuals using MYO and hand gesture applications at their home for self-examination. Also, the relationship and correlation between the signals received will lead to a better understanding of the whole myocardium system and assist doctors in early diagnosis.

MYO Armband for physiotherapy healthcare: A case study using gesture recognition application

Since early 2000 there is a constant need to build a strong healthcare innovation engine to allow researchers from multi-disciplinary field to develop innovative products in the healthcare sector. Many western countries have adopted the use of innovative products in the form of mobile/web technologies and wearable devices to improve their healthcare system. Interestingly, a wearable device called MYO Armband is being adopted in the physiotherapy treatment and few studies show doctors and patients are interested in using the device but due to MYO's cumbersome nature, we decided to consider non-wearable device(s) for the treatment. Recently, we identified a touchless device (non-wearable) called “Leap Motion”, which is used for gaming systems and controlling applications in mobiles and computers. A sudden spark made us think the Leap Motion could be used in the physiotherapy treatment and we also, spotted interesting web applications which could potentially be used along with the device. We conducted workshops with the UK and Indian doctors and common people to understand the Leap Motion's use in physiotherapy and set some guidelines in using the device. Though the methodology of using workshops and survey responses collected to analyze is not the strongest of research methodologies, we tried to generalize the outcomes and recommendations, and the stimulating discussions with the doctors and practitioners helped us address ten-points to improve the healthcare system in India.

Understanding the use of leap motion touchless device in physiotherapy and improving the healthcare system in India

This paper deals with the modalities of the Smart Automated Health Machine (AHM) using Internet of Things (IoT), a user-friendly health machine with an interactive graphical user interface for medical necessities. It is a virtual health check-up/self-screening/test system, aimed at being the first point of contact for patient screening, to monitor heart rate, blood pressure, ECG, oxygen saturation, and visual acuity of patients. In case of emergency, a doctor will be available online through a video call, based on the severity of patients’ conditions, a call can be placed by a doctor to book an ambulance van or ambulance bike (based on the conditions). If a patient is unconscious, a direct call can be placed by any bystander or patient’s carer to book an ambulance. In non-emergency cases, medical appointments can be booked - the system will also dispense medicines based on the health conditions and/or doctor’s electronic prescription which can be selected among the list of available medicines. Each individual will be provided with a "smart health card", which will keep a record of patients’ personal details, health conditions, prescriptions, and amount of tablets consumed. The AHM will provide all the necessary information, keep a record of different medical problems in different regions and different necessities required to be adopted. The system can also be called as "Self Healthcare Service (SHS)" or "Self Healthcare Units (SHU)" -the initiatives are part of sustainable development goals (SDG-3) proposed by United Nations.We conducted a pilot evaluation with the patients, nurses and doctors. As an overall outcome, the practitioners feel the system can be adopted in an area where medical facility is not available immediately. Adopting this system in such regions not only help in medical emergencies/epidemic/pandemic such as COVID, it also increases the percentage of survival. The system can also be adopted in hospitals, pharmacies, schools, public places like bus/train stations, airports, markets or any commercial areas, zones prone to accidents in rural and urban areas and other places that can be quite useful and helpful to the public.

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AutoImpilo: Smart Automated Health Machine using IoT to Improve Telemedicine and Telehealth

The advancements in medical science and technology has resulted in an increased life span thus the mortality rate of the elderly has greatly decreased. The elderly often gets cognitively impaired and require urgent medical services which when left unnoticed may lead to fatal consequences. Due to lack of social care support for these adults, there arises the need to develop cost-effective assistive healthcare technological solutions for taking care of the elders and giving them the best tech-friendly experience. Intelligent homes, an environment of sensors with artificial intelligence integrated with home appliances, can provide the best solution for continuous and remote monitoring of the health of the persons. This helps elders to control various devices, also get immediate attention from the family members, healthcare assistants and/or have frequent visit to hospitals. Basically, an intelligent bed can help elders to prevent the occurrence of bedsores and falling off from bed by monitoring the position of the person while they are in bed. The latest Google Duplex Artificial Intelligence (AI) will be used as a voice-controlled speech recognition system, a personal assistant, to respond to the commands given by the person. We use Internet of Things (IoT) to establish the connectivity between the appliances, the user and his/her network. The major element of this system is a Raspberry Pi which will collect the data from the sensors and interprets them to manage the home appliances like light, fan, door, alarm (in case of emergency), manage phone calls, television, and other home appliances. There is also an emergency module which has sensors attached to the body of the person which helps the caretakers, relatives or friends to know about the health of the person. It continuously monitors the body conditions of the person and alerts his/her network in case of emergency.

IoT-based Google Duplex Artificial Intelligence Solution for Elderly Care

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, with nearly 14.1 million cases diagnosed globally in 2012. In the same year, there were 8.2 million deaths from cancer in the world making breast cancer the second most common cancer overall. Also, India has one of the highest cases of breast cancer. According to WHO, for the year 2012, an estimated 144,937 women in India were newly detected with breast cancer and 70,218 women died of breast cancer in the same year, more than any other country in the world. This indicates a beginning of an epidemic which requires effective intervention to reduce the incidence of breast cancer, thereby reducing mortality. In the last few years, a lot of global initiatives on breast cancer have been taken by the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Breast Cancer Research Foundation (IBCRF) and Pink Ribbon International (PBI). These international bodies are addressing and creating awareness on breast cancer. One such initiative is the mobile applications that can can provide people with breast cancer, survivors, and caregivers convenient resources and tools to guide them through their treatment and keep their life more organized. Many researchers and scientists have come up with mobile health (m-health) apps to prevent and promote breast cancer awareness to the public. Though there are many mobile apps available on itunes and google play, people are not aware of the apps' purpose or it is not promoted well. The main purpose of this article is to analyse how breast cancer health apps (such as iBreastCheck) can help in primary prevention, early diagnosis and palliative care of breast cancer in India from doctors' perspective. Focus group and questionnaire survey was carried out to understand the adoption and acceptance of mobile health apps for breast cancer awareness by doctors for the Indian public. The focus group and the online survey statistical results demonstrates the need and importance of using mobile health apps to prevent, detect and treat breast cancer, which means Indian doctors have a positive approach towards recommending breast cancer mobile health apps to women.

Sharanya Rajan

Papers

MYO Armband for physiotherapy healthcare: A case study using gesture recognition application

Understanding the use of leap motion touchless device in physiotherapy and improving the healthcare system in India

AutoImpilo: Smart Automated Health Machine using IoT to Improve Telemedicine and Telehealth

IoT-based Google Duplex Artificial Intelligence Solution for Elderly Care

Breast cancer awareness through smart mobile healthcare applications from Indian doctors' perspective