Se fondant sur la methode d'ethnographie institutionnelle de Dorothy E. Smith, l'auteure etudie l'organisation sociale de notre connaissance des gens categorises comme non-immigrants ou « tra-vailleurs migrants ». A la suite de l'etude du Non-Immigrant Employment Authorization Program (NIEAP) du gouvernement canadien (1973), elle montre l'importance de la pratique ideologique raciste et nationaliste des Etats a l'endroit de l'organisation materielle du marche du travail competitif « canadien » dans le cadre d'un capitalisme mondial restructure de meme que la reorganisation qui en resulte des notions d'esprit national canadien. Elle montre aussi que la pratique discursive des parlementaires qui consiste a considerer certaines personnes comme des « problemes » pour les « Canadiens » ne provient pas de l'exclusion physique de ces «etrangers » mais plutot de leur differentiation ideologique et materielle des Canadiens une fois qu'ils vivent et travaillent dans la societe canadienne.

Utilizing Dorothy E. Smith's method of institutional ethnography, I investigate the social organization of our knowledge of people categorized as non-immigrants or “migrant workers.” By examining Canada's 1973 Non-immigrant Employment Authorization Program (NIEAP), I show the importance of racist and nationalist ideological state practice to the material organization of the competitive “Canadian” labour market within a restructured global capitalism and the resultant reorganization of notions of Canadian nationhood. I show that the parliamentary discursive practice of producing certain people as “problems” for “Canadians” results not in the physical exclusion of those constructed as “foreigners” but in their ideological and material differentiation from Canadians, once such people are living and working within Canadian society.

Expressions such as…“foreigner”… and so on, denoting certain types of lesser or negative identities are in actuality congealed practices and forms of violence or relations of domination… This violence and its constructive or representative attempts have become so successful or hegemonic that they have become transparent—holding in place the ruler's claimed superior self, named or identified in myriad ways, and the inadequacy and inferiority of those who are ruled.

— Himani Bannerji.

On Being Not Canadian: The Social Organization of "Migrant Workers" in Canada (*)

This study explores the impact of macro-level processes of the global economy on international migration. The authors utilize a cross-national panel regression analysis to examine the effect of foreign direct investment on the level of emigration from 25 less-developed countries between 1985 and 2000. The findings indicate that the stock of foreign direct investment increases net emigration over time, while trade integration lessens these movements. The level of economic development exerts no independent effect on out-migration once other factors are controlled. The results are discussed in the context of contemporary development and migration theories.

Foreign Direct Investment and International Migration A Cross-National Analysis of Less-Developed Countries, 1985—2000

Conventional wisdom seems to have it that the world has entered a "new age of migration" in which the international movement of labor is qualitatively and quantitatively distinct from the past. The dominant paradigm links labor movement to economic development, particularly for Asian migration, explaining migration in terms of differentials in labor demand and wages, while Pacific scholars have generally resorted to the particularities of Polynesian, Melanesian, and Micronesian cultures and island societies. This paper rejects these assumptions. We first describe the history of the Asia-Pacific migration system in three phases—the Age of Indenture, the Period of the Guest Worker, and the Era of Contract Labor Migration—establishing the scale and duration of flows and examining some of the mechanisms. We then review competing explanations of international migration, arguing that a key factor that economistic and essentialist explanations overlook is networks and institutions. We show how these are both reproduced and recreated in similar forms, and that transnational communities are almost inevitably the result.

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Placing Movers: An Overview of the Asian-Pacific Migration System

This paper focuses on global dimensions in mapping the foreign labor policies of Korea. First, I categorize the foreign labor policies in the world into five types in terms of the integration methods of foreigners and the standard for naturalization. Second, I analyze the system and the operation of foreign labor policies in Germany, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan and Korea. The eight countries have substantial similarities, with minor differences in foreign labor policies: “temporary migrant workers program for manual workers.” In this study, I identify the migrant recruiting scheme, including legislatures, the responsible government bodies or public organizations, major economic sectors engaged, and major nationals recruited in each country, and compare international labor migration management programs among them. Finally, I discuss the current issues of the foreign labor policy in Korea.

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Global Dimensions in Mapping the Foreign Labor Policies of Korea: A Compartive and Functional Analysis

The central thesis of this article is that, besides the imperialism of some of the EU member countries (national imperialisms), there exists also imperialism of the EU as a whole. The thesis is argued theoretically and illustrated by considering the following: first, relations between the EU and the Central and Eastern and European Countries; second, the Common Agricultural Policy; third, the common military policy; and fourth, the Schengen System (i.e., the common immigration policy).

Contradictions of European Integration

This paper highlights the relationship between Canadas restructuring activities and changes in its immigration policies by focusing upon the creation of a migrant workers program. Immigration policy is understood as being integrally shaped by the states response to the restructuring strategies of capital investors. It is argued that the implementation of a migrant workers program in Canada can be accounted for by placing it within the context of the states efforts to attract capital investment capitalists concern with disciplining workers and increasing their return upon investment. The author shows that by restricting the freedom of a growing number of migrant and immigrant workers Canada has more closely connected immigration with labor market policy and created 2 separate categories of (im)migrants those who enter as temporary workers and are labeled "non-immigrants" and those who enter as permanent residents. Studying only the non-immigrant category of (im)migrant recruitment which admits people if they work in an unfree employment relationship while in the country the author argues that (im)migrant workers forced to work in such relationships have increasingly been made available to employers by the Canadian state as an attempt to attract or retain capital investment. As capitalist restructuring has proceeded the use of unfree labor has expanded in Canada.

Birds of prey and birds of passage: the movement of capital and the migration of labour.

Self-esteem is a subjective sense of personal value and worth of themselves. It is crucial in the life of an individual. The importance of personal value gives a powerful sense of living. The term self-esteem is pronounced differently in the population, like self-respect, self-regard, self-identity, ego, etc. These terms vary from individual to individual. A simple question arises: What factors are responsible for determining self-esteem. In this study, two crucial psychological constructs (Personality traits and Aggression) were taken, which might be associated with self-esteem. Data were taken from 120 students having an age range of 17 to 24. Results describe a strong association and significant role of personality traits and Aggression in determining youth self-esteem.

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Sharma Nr

Papers

Birds of prey and birds of passage: the movement of capital and the migration of labour.

Relation of self-esteem with five personality factors and aggression among youth