Shiro Saka

TL;DR: A novel two-step process consisting of hydrolysis of oils in sub-critical water and subsequent supercritical dimethyl carbonate esterification to achieve a comparably high yield of fatty acid methyl esters, at more than 97 wt%.

TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of the amount of levoglucosanloading on pyrolysis behavior was studied in N 2 at 400°C with a dual-space closed ampoule reactor.

Abstract: The liquefaction of Japanese beech (Fagus crenata Blume) was studied with various straight-chain alcohols in subcritical and supercritical states using a batch-type reaction vessel to obtain liquid fuel from lignocellulosics. Under the reaction condition of 270°C, beech wood was liquefied to some extent in all alcohols with about 50%–65% insoluble residue left after treatment for 30min. Under the condition of 350°C, however, more than 90% of wood was decomposed and liquefied in all alcohols. Alcohols with longer alkyl chains liquefied lignocellulosics in shorter reaction times. Because many kinds of alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, can be produced from biomass, 100% biomass-based liquid fuel can be prepared by supercritical alcohol technology when using such bioalcohols.

TL;DR: A two-stage Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) was conducted by semi-flow treatment with hot-compressed water as mentioned in this paper, and the first treatment stage was conducted at 230°C/10 MPa for 15 min and the second at 270°C /10 MPA for 15min.

TL;DR: In this article, catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose in sulfolane (tetramethylene sulfone) with sulfuric acid or polyphosphoric acid gave levoglucosenone and furfural up to 42.2%, 26.9%, and 8.8% yields, respectively.