Congestion management in restructured power systems

In a deregulated electricity market, it may always not be possible to dispatch all of the contracted power transactions due to congestion of the transmission corridors. This paper presents a transmission lines congestion management in a restructured market environment using a combination of demand response and Thyristor controlled series compensators (TCSCs). The overall objective of FACTS device placement can be either to minimize the total congestion rent or to maximize the social welfare. The main motivation of the work is to carry out the contingency selection by calculating the Generation shift factor (GSF) for generator outage and to implement the demand response and Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) in managing the transmission congestion. The effectiveness of the method has been tested and validated with TCSC and SVC in IEEE 30 bus test system.

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Congestion Management in Transmission linesconsidering Demand Response and FACTS devices

The success of privatization of most of the industries led people to think for the deregulation of electric power system. This results in restructuring of currently vertically integrated utility (VIU) to the different zones. Due to this worldwide deregulation or privatization process, the electricity industry has undergone drastic changes and has significantly affected energy markets. In a deregulated power market, the optimum power flow (OPF) for an interconnected grid system is an important concern as related to transmission loss and operating constraints of power network. The increased power transaction as related to increased demand and satisfaction of those demand to the competition of generation companies (GENCOs) are resulting the stress on power network which further causes the danger to voltage security, violation of limits of line flow, increase in the line losses, large requirement of reactive power, danger to power system stability and over load of the lines i.e. congestion of power in system. More often than not, pool market results originate network congestion in the transmission lines which is one of the technical problems that appear particularly in the deregulated environment. This paper reviews some of congestion management (CM) methods including generator rescheduling, FACTS devices and demand response. Each technique has its own significance and potential for management of congestion in a deregulated power system.

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Congestion Management under Restructured System Environment

Due to increased load demand in presence of limited and incompetent generation capacity, the power system networks of several developing countries face consequences like congestion. Also, the presence of competitive market scenario propels this situation of congestion to further severity. It colossally affects the health of transmission lines and hence the stability of power industry. Researchers through their researches and works have proposed many techniques that aim at relieving congestion of transmission lines. This paper aims at analyzing the effects of DG installation on congestion relief in the transmission systems by considering two parameters, congestion factor, and transmission deviation. The proposed approach is tested on a 6-bus system and its simulations are carried out using Power World Simulator. The DG’s performance is analyzed when working with different capacities and ultimately one bus is determined which serves as the best location for the placement of the DG.

Impacts of DG Optimal Location on Voltage Profile and Transmission Line Loading

In a deregulated power market, the optimum power flow (OPF) for an interconnected grid system is an important concern as related to transmission loss and operating constraints of power network. The increased power transaction as related to increased demand and satisfaction of those demand to the competition of generation companies (GENCOs) are resulting the stress on power network which further causes the danger to voltage security, violation of limits of line flow, increase in the line losses, large requirement of reactive power, danger to power system stability and over load of the lines i.e. congestion of power in system. It can be managed by rescheduling of generators or optimal location of distributed generation (DG) at minimum cost with minimum loss without disturbing the operating constraints. This paper reviews some of congestion management (CM) methods including the nodal pricing method, differential evolution (DE), addition of renewable energy sources, extended quadratic interior point (EQIP) based OPF, mixed integer nonlinear programming, particle swarm optimization (PSO), cost free methods and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Each technique has its own significance and potential for promotion of rescheduling of generators in a deregulated power system.

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Shivam Sharma

Papers

Congestion Management in Deregulated Power Market – a Review