Result: 54 patients presented with renal pathology in hundred patients of flank pain out of which 47 had urolithiasis and seven had renal problems such as renal abscess, renal tuberculosis and pelvic-ureteric junction obstruction. By chi-square test application, statistically highly significant association ( P = 0.0000) was seen between flank pain and urolithiasis. Main renal pathology causing flank pain was renal calculi 47% in my study. Among the urinary complaints most common complaints were of burning micturition. In my study second most common cause of flank pain, was spinal pathology 32%. X-ray showed a sensitivity of 83% in diagnosing urolithiasis in patients of flank pain. Ultrasono graphy showed a sensitivity of 91% in diagnosing urolithiasis while intravenous urogram was sensitive in 100% cases. Computed tomography was shown to have a sensitivity of 94-100%. Conclusion: Urolithiasis constituted maximum number of flank pain patients, most patients presented with burning micturition which shows the presence of infection. Second most common cause of flank pain was spinal pathology while other pathology like related with abdominal, ovarian and other also contributes in few patients.

https://www.ijss-sn.com/uploads/2/0/1/5/20153321/ijss_jan_oa07.pdf

Clinical Spectrum of Flank Pain and ITS Association with Urolithiasis

Objective: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic irreversible potentially malignant condition causing morbidity. Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β1) plays the central role in its development. Hence early intervention is the key to limit progress of disease. The aim of this paper was to review the effective therapeutic agents available to neutralize the pathological effect of TGF-β1 in OSMF. Methods: An electronic search was conducted and we reviewed the records of the https://clinicaltrials.gov/, the registry of clinical trials that have been conducted internationally and in the United States in order to look for drugs associated with different types of fibrotic disorder. The studies related to pulmonary fibrosis were also included. We performed another search in the PubMed database and chose the successfully tested drugs from the result of our previous search and used the keywords "Name of the selected drug” "TGF” “Fibrosis." Results: A total of 89 studies were listed in the search and finally 9 studies were considered for the analysis. The search results indicated the potential benefit of two drugs namely nintedanib and pirfenidone. It was noted that nintedanib reversed TGF-β1-induced EMT in non-small cell lung cancer cells and pirfenidone treatment inhibited TGF-β1-induced up-regulation of phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK) in a renal fibrosis rat model. Conclusion: It was concluded that pirfenidone and nintedanib were found to have promising role in treatment of pulmonary fibrosis also linked to pathological effect of TGF-β pathway. Therefore, we put forward the suggestion of designing preclinical studies, as well as clinical trials to test the effectiveness of these drugs in treating oral submucous fibrosis. Keywords: OSMF, potentially malignant condition, TGF-β1, Pirfenidone

/pdf/oral-sub-mucous-fibrosis-exploring-therapeutic-strategies-1lpvbdgetv.pdf

Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis: Exploring Therapeutic Strategies Using -anti TGF β Drugs

Objectives
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic oral precancerous disease primarily caused by betel quid chewing. Some OSF patients are concomitant with oral lichenoid lesion (OLL), a white-streak lesion with a higher risk for cancerization, in OSF mucosa. Immunological reaction has been considered as one of their common pathogenic mechanisms. Cys–X–Cys ligand 9 (CXCL9) is an important factor to recruit effector neutrophils and lymphocytes in immunological reactions. However, the expression levels of CXCL9 in OSF and OLL remain unclear.

Cys–X–Cys ligand 9 might be an immunological factor in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis and its concomitant oral lichenoid lesion

Rehabilitation of the entire dentition with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) tends to pose a great challenge to the clinician. Most of the cases of amelogenesis imperfecta are reported to be associated with skeletal and dental deformities which results in severe sensitivity of the dental tissues. This clinical case report marks out the total restoration of the oral condition of a young Indian patient diagnosed with the hypoplastic type of amelogenesis imperfecta. Fixed metal ceramic prosthesis were planned to strengthen the masticatory activity, aesthetics, to banish the dental sensitivity and to build up the general persona of the patient. The patient was followed-up at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years intervals. Functional and esthetic impairment was not visible after the follow up period and the treatment outcome was successful. The entire treatment plan was intended to enhance the functional, esthetic and the masticatory component of the occlusal architecture. This case report details the presentation, characteristic radiographic findings, and management of a patient with an extremely rare condition of amelogenesis imperfecta.

/pdf/management-guidelines-for-amelogenesis-imperfecta-a-case-11y6v6yq83.pdf

Management guidelines for amelogenesis imperfecta: a case report and review of the literature.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic insidious disease characterized by irreversible generalized fibrosis of the oral soft tissues. It is a debilitating disease of the oral cavity characterized by inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the sub mucosal tissues (lamina propria and deeper connective tissues). It results in marked rigidity and an eventual inability to open the mouth. 10% of the cases resulted to cancer. Associated disorders include leukoplakia and lichen planus. A thorough understanding of the etiopathogenesis of OSF is fundamental to the prevention and control of this dreadful disease. In the present study, attempts have been made to find out the association of polymorphic X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1) Arg399Gln DNA repair genes with the disease. OSF, a precancerous lesion, is attributable to oral chewing habits like chewing of areca nuts, betel quid, paan masala, gutkha and other forms of smokeless tobacco, a significant percent of which resulted to malignancy. Although, this disease is a significant public health burden, particularly in West Bengal, as well as India, no studies have yet investigated the impact of genetic determinants on host susceptibility to this oral disease in Indian population. To address this question, we have examined the frequency of XRCC1 399 genotypes in a cross-section of an asymptomatic population of West Bengal compared with the prevalence in OSF patients. In this study, 52 OSF patients were selected and 126 asymptomatic individuals were selected as control. From patient and control group, DNA was isolated and PCR was done for amplification of DNA. Then, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RPLF) was done to calculate and observe the association of different polymorphic forms of XRCC1 399 DNA repair gene {heterozygous mutant (Arg/Gln), homozygous mutant (Gln/Gln) or wild type (Arg/Arg) } with respect to OSF.

	 

	Key words: X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1), fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), polymorphic forms, oral submuscous fibrosis (OSF).

https://wwmw.academicjournals.org/article/article1379319792_Saha et al.pdf

Study of susceptibility to oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) in the population of West Bengal at XRCC 1 (Arg399Gln) by RFLP

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary disorder that causes developmental alterations in the structure of enamel. It represents a group of heterogenous conditions. AI has several names such as hereditary enamel dysplasia, hereditary brown enamel, hereditary brown opalescent teeth. In this disorder, the enamel is hypoplastic, hypomineralized or both. It may show autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, sex-linked or sporadic pattern. It is necessary to diagnose this disorder and provide durable, functional and esthetic management of these patients to improve the quality of their lives. We present a case of AI affecting the dentition of an 18-year-old girl.

https://www.ijss-sn.com/uploads/2/0/1/5/20153321/ijss_jan_cr11.pdf

Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Areca quid chewing related oral mucosal lesions are potential hazard to a large population worldwide. Commercially freeze dried products such as pan masala, guthka and mawa have high concentration of areca nut per chew and appear to cause OSMF more rapidly than by self prepared conventional betel quid that contain smaller amounts of areca nut. The basic constituent of areca nut is either raw or dried or boiled or baked. Diverse agents including lime, tobacco, catechu, cloves, saffron and leaf of piper betel leaves may form a part of formulation. Many of the undesirable aspects of areca nut have been attributed to arecoline. These chemical appear to interfere with the molecular processes of deposition and or degradation of extracellular matrix molecules such as collagen, causing imbalance in the normal process. The most likely events that take place with regards to the above imbalance may be reduced phagocytosis of collagen by fibroblasts, up or down regulation of copper dependent enzyme lysyl oxidase, matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases . It has been postulated that areca nut may also induce the development of the disease by increased levels of cytokines in the lamina propria. Current evidence implicates collagen related genes in susceptibility and pathogenesis of OSMF. The individual mechanisms operating at various stages of the disease- initial, intermediate and advanced–need further study in order to propose appropriate therapeutic interventions.

Oral submucous fibrosis: a review article on

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary hetero genous disorder that causes developmental alteratio ns in the structure of enamel. The Al trait can be tra nsmitted by either autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked modes of inheritance. Genes implicated in autosomal forms are genes encoding enamel matrix proteins, namely: enamelin and ameloblastin, tuftelin, MMP-20 and kallikrein ‐ 4. It is necessary to diagnose the case and provide durable functional and esthetic management of these patient s, where the unaesthetic appearance has a definite neg ative psychological impact. We present a case of AI affecting the dentition of a 10-year-old girl.

Amelogenesis imperfecta- a case report

With the rapid development of laser technology, new lasers with a wide range of characteristics are no w available and being used in various fields of denti stry. Clinical studies clearly show advantages of l aser treatments over currently-used conventional methods and techniques. The most important advantages are improved disinfection efficacy, more effective root canal cleaning, reduction of permeability, reducti on of micro-leakage, and elimination of the need to use t oxic solvents. The main aim of this review article is to give an update on lasers in endodontics.

Shree Bankey

Papers

Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Oral submucous fibrosis: a review article on

Amelogenesis imperfecta- a case report

Laser in endodontics