https://bioone.org/journals/harvard-papers-in-botany/volume-13/issue-2/1043-4534-13.2.299/Flora-of-China/10.3100/1043-4534-13.2.299.pdf

Flora of China

The walnut varieties in China are rich, the planting area in the country is wide, and the yield ranks at the forefront of the world Walnut kernel is the most important application part of the walnut fruit An in-depth study found that the by-products of walnut, such as green husk and walnut shell, also have great application potential and are cheap raw materials for the extraction of important medical ingredients and the production of industrial products However, the by-products are often burned or discarded as waste during processing, which not only wastes resources but also causes environmental pollution To realize the high value-added application of the walnut fruit, a deep processing of each part of the walnut should be considered Preliminary processing is the key link before walnuts enter the field of intensive processing and consumption The advanced level of the required technological equipment can help to determine the quality of the walnut products The preliminary processing of walnuts in China is mainly divided into six steps: green husk removal, walnut drying, walnut size classification, walnut shell-breaking, walnut shell–kernel separation, and walnut kernel skin removal This paper starts with a presentation of the importance of each link and the existing bottleneck Then, the paper systematically discusses the analysis of the current situation and the development of devices required for each link The working mechanism of each link type and its influence on the design of a corresponding device are summarized On the basis of the corresponding working mechanism, this study classifies and summarizes the characteristics of the core mechanism of the devices for each preliminary process link; then, it evaluates and analyzes the existing typical mechanical devices according to their types Finally, the influence rule of the various devices for each link in the preliminary processing is analyzed as a means of ensuring high-quality walnuts

Walnut Fruit Processing Equipment: Academic Insights and Perspectives

Secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus Talaromyces pinophilus

Probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum YYC-3 prevents colon cancer in mice by regulating the tumour microenvironment.

The inflammasome is an important protein complex that cleaves the proinflammatory cytokines pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into their active forms. Owing to its critical role in eliciting innate immune responses, IL-1β has been suggested to contribute to various skin diseases, including psoriasis, vitiligo, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and atopic dermatitis (AD). Recently, several types of activators and inhibitors of different inflammasomes, as well as inflammasome-related genes and genetic susceptibility loci, have been identified in these immune-related common skin diseases. In particular, inflammasome activators and inhibitors presented highly cell-type-specific activity, suggesting that the inflammasome might perform different functions in different cell types. Moreover, most of these findings were based on experimental disease models, and the clinical features of the models partly resemble the typical symptoms of the diseases. In this review, from the perspective of activators and inhibitors, we collected evidence from the widely-studied inflammasomes, NLRP3, AIM2, and NLRP1, in psoriasis, vitiligo, SLE, and AD. Importantly, some small-molecule inhibitors hold therapeutic promise for the treatment of these diseases.

/pdf/inflammasomes-in-common-immune-related-skin-diseases-xpm5ga1n22.pdf

Inflammasomes in Common Immune-Related Skin Diseases.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease, and the inflammatory response plays an important role in its development and progression. Datura metel L. is a traditional Chinese medicine that exhibited a significant therapeutic effect on psoriasis in our previous study due to its remarkable anti-inflammatory effect. Meanwhile, the mechanism underlying its effects on psoriasis is still unclear. Methods: An imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis mouse model was constructed to evaluate the protective effect of the effective part of Datura metel L. (EPD), which was verified by evaluations of the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemical examination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot were used to measure the inflammatory cytokines and the protein expression associated with the Toll-like receptor 7– myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88–nuclear Factor-κB–nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (Nod)-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (TLR7/8–MyD88–NF-κB–NLRP3) inflammasome pathway. Results: EPD significantly decreased the PASI, reduced epidermal thickness, and decreased the proliferation and differentiation of epidermal cells in psoriasis-like dermatitis C57BL/6 mice induced by imiquimod (IMQ). Furthermore, EPD reduced the infiltration of CD3+ cells to psoriatic lesions, as well as ameliorated the elevations of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and inhibited the production of imiquimod-induced inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Besides, EPD decreased the imiquimod-induced expression levels of TLR7, TLR8, TRAF6, MyD88, p-IKKα, p-IKBα, p-NF-κB, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein contained a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1 (caspase-1), and IL-1β. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that EPD exhibited a protective effect on an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mice model by inhibiting the inflammatory response, which might be ascribed to the inhibition of the TLR7/8–MyD88–NF-κb–NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/11/2157/pdf

Datura Metel L. Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Dermatitis and Inhibits Inflammatory Cytokines Production through TLR7/8-MyD88-NF-κB-NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway.

A new triterpene named klodorol B (1), together with six known compounds, were isolated from the green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. Their structures were determined using spectroscopic methods on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities on human gastric carcinoma (BGC-823), human liver cancer (HepG-2) and human lung cancer (A549) cell lines. .

Shuang Guo

Papers

Datura Metel L. Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Dermatitis and Inhibits Inflammatory Cytokines Production through TLR7/8-MyD88-NF-κB-NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway.

A new triterpene from the green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica Maxim.

New withanolides with anti-inflammatory activity from the leaves of Datura metel L.

Two new cytotoxic glycosides isolated from the green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica Maxim.

Two new tetralone glycosides from the green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica Maxim