An exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine includes a dual passage portion having a first passage and a second passage which are connected in parallel to each other. In the first passage, a first catalyst constructed of lean NOx catalyst is located and further a second catalyst constructed of oxidizing catalyst or three-way catalyst is located downstream of the first catalyst. In the second passage, a third catalyst constructed of oxidizing or three-way catalyst is located. A flow switching valve is provided so as to switch the flow of exhaust gas between the first passage and the second passage. The flow switching valve is switched so that exhaust gas flows through the third catalyst when the engine is being warmed-up and flows through the first catalyst and the second catalyst after the engine has been warmed-up.

Exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine

A method of operating an internal combustion engine comprising the steps of providing an internal combustion engine and a source of gaseous fuel such as natural gas or propane for powering the engine. Also, there is provided a reactor in fluid communication with said engine for reforming the gaseous fuel. The natural gas is added to the reactor for purposes of converting or reforming a portion of the natural gas to H 2 and CO to provide a gaseous mixture exiting the reactor comprised of methane, H 2 and CO. The gaseous mixture is mixed with air to provide a gaseous mixture and air combination. The gaseous mixture and air combination is introduced to the internal combustion engine and combusted to provide an exhaust gas. A portion of the exhaust gas is recycled and introduced to the reactor for purposes of reforming the gaseous fuel.

Reformed natural gas for powering an internal combustion engine

Muffler apparatus for reducing both sound and particulates from exhaust gases from an engine. The apparatus includes resonating chambers, flow distribution structure and a cellular ceramic core filter module. Filter regeneration mechanism includes a heating element for heating the carbon on the inlet end of the ceramic core to combustion temperature. Particulate ignition resulting in regeneration occurs when combustion air is provided; in alternate embodiments, combustion air first flows through a preheater system. A processor unit with particular logic controls the apparatus.

Muffler apparatus with filter trap and method of use

A resistance adjusting type heater including a honeycomb structure having a large number of passages, at last two electrodes for energizing the honeycomb structure, and a resistance adjusting mechanism such as a slit provided between the electrodes to heat the gas flowing through the passages formed in the honeycomb structure. A catalytic converter includes a main monolith catalyst and the above-described heater placed adjacent to and upstream of the main monolith catalyst. A catalytic converter includes a honeycomb structure having a large number of passages, a catalyst carried on the honeycomb structure, at least two electrodes for energizing the honeycomb structure, and a resistance adjusting mechanism provided between the electrode. A catalytic converter includes a main monolith catalyst, and a heater placed adjacent to and upstream of the main monolith catalyst. The heater includes a honeycomb structure having a large number of passages, a catalyst carried on the honeycomb structure, at least two electrodes for energizing the honeycomb structure, and a resistance adjusting mechanism provided between the electrodes.

Resistance adjusting type heater and catalytic converter

NO x emissions from an internal combustion engine fueled by a gaseous hydrocarbon fuel can be reduced by catalytically producing a hydrogen and carbon monoxide fuel gas stream from the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel and a portion of the hot exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, ammonia is also produced catalytically by reacting a portion of the hydrogen produced with ambient nitrogen present in the exhaust gas. The ammonia produced is used in connection with a selective catalytic reduction reactor to treat the remaining hot exhaust gas produced from the internal combustion engine, resulting in a treated exhaust gas stream having near-zero NO x emissions.

Internal combustion engine with scr and integrated ammonia production

In an exhaust gas cleaning apparatus a ceramic heating resistor has a lattice-shaped exhaust gas passage and is formed by extrusion. The ceramic heating resistor is fixed closely to the upper stream side of a filter which catches particulates contained in exhaust gas. This heating resistor is divided into a plurality of sections so that heating current is successively supplied to the divided sections.

Exhaust gas cleaning apparatus

An ignition device for a rotary piston engine includes a glow plug which is mounted at an ignition port formed in an engine housing to communicate with a combustion and operation chamber and which, when electrically powered, is heated to red hot to ignite an air-fuel mixture in the combustion and operation chamber. The glow plug ignites the air-fuel mixture through a communicating port which is formed to face the combustion and operation chamber and which has a smaller aperture area than the cross-section area of the ignition port.

Ignition device for rotary piston engine

A glow plug for preheating the combustion chamber of a diesel engine The glow plug has a heat generating portion and a mounting portion The heat generating portion is provided with a ceramic central electrode made of an electrically insulating material and provided with at least one spiral screw-thread groove formed in the outer peripheral surface thereof A ceramic electric resistor serving as a heat generating member is disposed in the groove The electric resistor is made of TiC or SiC with or without addition of Al2 O3

Glow plug for diesel engines

An ignition system for rotary piston engines includes a glow plug in addition to the normal leading spark plug and trailing spark plug. The glow plug is mounted in the housing of the engine on the leading side with respect to the trochoidal minor axis in the direction of the rotor rotation and performs continuous ignition of the mixture during low speed and load operation of the engine. Thus, during the low speed and load operation the glow plug performs ignition in place of the leading spark plug whereas during other engine operating conditions the leading spark plug and the trailing spark plug perform the ignition of the mixture.

Ignition system for rotary piston engines

A secondary air supply pipe line is opened in the exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine on the upstream side of an exhaust gas reactor which is mounted in the exhaust pipe, and an air-fuel ratio sensor for detecting the air-fuel ratio of exhaust gases is mounted in the exhaust pipe on the downstream side of the portion where the secondary air supply pipe line is open. An air flow control valve for on-off controlling the flow of air in the secondary air supply pipe line is operated in accordance with the output signal of the air-fuel ratio sensor. When the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gases is low the secondary air supply pipe line is fully opened by the air flow control valve in response to the output signal of the air-fuel ratio sensor, whereas when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gases is high the secondary air supply pipe line is fully closed by the air flow control valve in response to the output signal of the air-fuel ratio sensor, whereby maintaining the air-fuel ratio of exhaust gases supplied to the exhaust gas reactor at a predetermined value.

Shunzo Yamaguchi

Papers

Exhaust gas cleaning apparatus

Ignition device for rotary piston engine

Glow plug for diesel engines

Ignition system for rotary piston engines

Exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine