In this letter, we investigate the outage probability (OP) performance of a multirelay multiuser hybrid satellite-terrestrial relay network operating at millimeter wave (mmWave) bands. Considering the dominant fading factor of the mmWave band is rain attenuation, we combine the long-term rain attenuation model with the statistical channel model to describe the mmWave channel. Then we utilize expected rain attenuation value of satellite links to select the desired relay node to improve the OP performance of the considered system, and the exact closed-form expressions of OP for both variable and fixed gain relaying protocols are derived. Finally, numerical and simulation results are provided to validate our analytical results.

Outage Analysis of Multirelay Multiuser Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Millimeter-Wave Networks

The integration of high throughput satellite into Internet of Things (IoT) is regarded as an effective strategy to provide ubiquitous broadband access in a seamless, cost-efficient manner. Meanwhile, due to the demand of machine-to-machine (M2M) high throughput services, millimeter-wave (mmWave) IoT networks arouses huge interest. In this paper, we investigate the performance of an amplify-and-forward (AF) mmWave hybrid satellite-terrestrial relay networks (HSTRN) for IoT broadband communications, where we assume source-relay link undergos Shadowed-Rician fading and the relay-destination link undergos Rayleigh fading. Considering rain attenuation is the main factor at mmWave bands, we utilize the multidimensional rain attenuation model to analyze the effect of rain attenuation on system performance. Then we derive the closed-form expression of outage probability and tight approximation of ergodic capacity. Finally, numerical and simulation results are provided to validate our analytical results and show the effect of rain attenuation on the system performance.

Performance Analysis of Millimeter-Wave Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Relay Networks Over Rain Fading Channel

This paper describes the design of a broadband, fixed-IF single balanced subharmonic mixer at entire Ka-band The co-simulation between HFSS and ADS was applied to the modeling of the mixer In order to improve the accuracy of simulation, an accurate diode nonlinear equivalent circuit is established and verified by testing data The circuit of the presented mixer printed on the substrate of Rogers RT/Duroid 3003 with permittivity of 3 and thickness of 254 µm is mounted in a waveguide block When the IF frequency is fixed at 15 GHz, the measured results show that the conversion loss of the mixer is less than 9 dB in most bandwidth from 25 GHz to 40 GHz The minimum conversion loss of 69 dB is measured at 36 GHz The measured isolation of LO to RF and LO to IF is more than 28 dB The RF to IF isolation is more than 20 dB The good isolation has been achieved

A 26–40 GHz Broadband Fixed IF Sub-harmonic mixer Based on Schottky Diode

This paper describes the design of a broadband, fixed-IF, high efficiency single subharmonic mixer at Ka-band. The co-simulation between HFSS and ADS is applied to the modeling of the mixer. In order to improve the accuracy of simulation, the diode model is divided into passive linear model and active nonlinear model. On this basis, a global accurate equivalent circuit model of mixer is proposed and verified by testing data. The circuit of the presented mixer printed on the substrate of Rogers RT/Duroid 3003 is mounted in a waveguide block. When the fixed IF frequency is set at 1.5GHz, measured results show that the conversion loss is less than 8 dB over the RF bandwidth from 25GHz to 39GHz with 12 dBm of local oscillator power. The minimum conversion loss of 6.2 dB is measured at 28GHz. The measured isolation between LO and IF, LO and RF is over 23 dB. The measured isolation between IF and RF is over 20 dB. Good isolation is achieved.

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Design of a Broadband Fixed IF Sub-Harmonic Mixer at Ka Band

The determination of the slant-path long-term rain attenuation has been formally characterized on the ITU Recommendation P. 618–8, using an empirical statistical model, suitable for frequencies up to 55 GHz. For the purpose of applying this method on the study of the rain phenomena over the Venezuelan region, different Matlab scripts have been written, aiming to automate the calculation process, iterating the attenuation prediction over the area of interest. The implementation was done based on the VENESAT-I telecommunication system. Results yield with the expected values, and the Matlab implementation has been made available for free use and distribution.

Long-term rain attenuation prediction for Ka-Band link over Venezuela

In satellite communication system, rain attenuation is one of the most important reasons for the signal fading transmitted at Ka band (30/20GHz). In this paper, based on the ITU recommendation rainfall attenuation prediction model, we obtain the rainfall attenuation value of one specific area in satellite communication systems at Ka band, in premise of knowing that rain attenuation value of a certain area follows lognormal distribution, then statistical distribution parameters are derived in detail by a method of the least squares curve fitting. After QPSK modulation, signal is polluted by additive noise in AWGN channel. We analyze and simulate the effect of light rain and heavy rain on signal propagation. The simulation results indicate that rain attenuation makes the signal-to-noise ratio and the bit error rate worse.

Shuxian Lin

Papers

Distribution characteristics and performance simulations of rain attenuation at Ka band for satellite communications