Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

The science of the total environment

Time is divided by geologists according to marked shifts in Earth's state. Recent global environmental changes suggest that Earth may have entered a new human-dominated geological epoch, the Anthropocene. Here we review the historical genesis of the idea and assess anthropogenic signatures in the geological record against the formal requirements for the recognition of a new epoch. The evidence suggests that of the various proposed dates two do appear to conform to the criteria to mark the beginning of the Anthropocene: 1610 and 1964. The formal establishment of an Anthropocene Epoch would mark a fundamental change in the relationship between humans and the Earth system.

Defining the Anthropocene

THIS book, which from its first appearance has been the standard text-book of Indian students, has now been brought up to date by the addition of recent advances in Indian geology. The new geological map is an added attraction. Geology of India By D. N. Wadia. Second edition. Pp. xx + 460 + 20 plates. (London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 1939.) 24s. net.

Geology of India

Herpetology. By Kenneth R. Porter. Pp. xi + 524. (W. B. Saunders: Philadelphia, London and Toronto, 1972.) £6.60; $15.50.

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Reptiles and Amphibians

Cyclonic storms from Bay of Bengal (BoB) are the usual phenomenon in East Coast of India. Storms hitting Odisha coast are part of storms originated in Bay of Bengal (BoB). Few of these storms hit the South Odisha coast between Gopalpur (Gpl) and Puri. Major storms crossed the Puri- Gopalpur coast in 20 th century had devastated large areas of South Odisha. The last very severe cyclonic storm (VSCS) named PHAILIN, crossed Gopalpur coast on 12 th October 2013 causing catastrophe after 14 years. The recent VSCS (HUDHUD) though crossed north Andhra coast but influenced severely the south Odisha coast on 12 th October 2014. The adoptive measures taken by the administrative departments for both the meteorological events have reduced the number of mortalities and the trauma in the affected area. However, the devastation caused to the nature and its ecosystem is alarming. This paper presents a detailed study on the formation of disturbances in BoB, tracking, classification, and naming procedure. The violent storm PHAILIN has been compared with other prototype storms land falling in the same area and of almost equal intensity.

Storm impact on south odisha coast, india

Introduction: Based on stratigraphy, events, ecology and climatology, the present time is assigned Anthropocene epoch due to dominance Homosapiens over geobio-hydro-aero spheres of the mother earth during its accepted Anthropocene epoch succeeding the official 11700 years old Holocene epoch from 1950. Asia’s largest shallow brackish water lagoon, the Chilika housed over about 1000km, behind 64.3km barrier spit with multiple tidal inlets to Bay of Bengal. It is sinking and shrinking due to rapid dimensional diminution, environmental degradation, sedimentation, salinity depletion, phytoplankton invasion. Present study envisages the elementary morphology, formation mechanism, sediment transport, and dynamic performance of tidal inlets and the lagoon by applying GIS methodology between the year 1930 and 2017 including its local catchment land use changes within the lagoon and associated south Mahanadi delta. Under vulnerability, the Original Research Article Mishra et al.; ARRB, 36(2): 71-95, 2021; Article no.ARRB.66525 72 brackish water lagoon is constantly deteriorating its ecosystem, it is required for wise use of the wetland that can alleviate the poverty, uplift lagoon users economy, and disallowing the stakeholders living standard during present Anthropocene epoch

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Anthropocene Physiography and Morphology of Chilika; India

Chilika Lake, Asia's largest brackish water lagoon situated on the East coast of India is separated from Bay of Bengal by sand bars and connected with the sea by a series of tidal inlets. The inlets are maintained by discharges of inflowing streams during monsoon and by tides and ebb tides during non-monsoon. Imbalance in ingress and egress of sediment due to their continuous exchange between sea and the lagoon causes sedimentation of lagoon. Varying inflow, littoral drift and such other factors influence sedimentation. It results shifting mouths (inlets) continuously. Some mouths closed and some opened at various locations of the spits of the lagoon in course of time. This governs the inflow and the outflow characteristics and hence the salinity. A barrage at Naraj on Kathajodi, a major distributary of the river Mohanadi, and an artificial channel connecting the mouth of the Lagoon from Magarmunha to Bay of Bengal were provided to regulate the inflow. This phenomenon has been studied critically considering long history, geophysical parameters, terrestrial events and human interventions etc. Since the activities are location based, exact hydrodynamics has not yet been established for formation, closure and shifting of the tidal inlets. The present study deals with mouthing activities with time, the mechanism involved and effect of Naraj barrage on closure, migration and opening of new tidal inlets in Chilika Lagoon. The possible effects of celestial bodies and sun-earth geometry, which were unnoticed so far, are studied.

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Migration of Tidal Inlets of Chilika Lagoon, Odisha, India -A Critical Study

Coping with population growth, houses are built to meet the hike. The prerequisites for concrete and steel reinforcements have surged up globally since last 3 to 4decades. Shortage of natural building materials, increased wastes from coal based industries to augment carbon foot print has worried the engineers to reuse their wastes (such as fibres, powders, granules, etc.) as building materials ingredient. Glass fibre has improved flexural capabilities with fly ash dosages in cement concrete and alternately helps in restricting environmental degradation. Present research aims at investigating the impact of glass fiber (at 1%, 2% and 3% addition) and fly ash (dosages of 10% and 20% over the existing fly ash in PPC). The ingredients and microstructure of composites are found by either X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy or scanning electron microscope. Experimental evaluation results of the blended composite concrete parameters of RCC are experimentally evaluated and compared have shown that concrete with 10% cement substitution with fly ash and 3% fibre showed optimum compressive strength performance than the concrete without fibre and fly ash and also chemically resistant against commonly used M-20 grade of Concrete.

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Parametric Strategy for Composite Cement Concrete Blended with Fly Ash & Glass Fiber

Outlines: Severe acute respiratory syndrome; coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging virus from 16 Dec 2019, has created virulent pandemic situation over 217 major countries and territories including USA, India, and Brazil etc. There are multiple pharmaceuticals available for treatment. Although no vaccine yet available in the world but few Indian and Russian vaccine results are promising. The treatment procedure is compelling for lock downs and confinements. The COVID-19 is still on the trot from March 24 th , 2020 in India so also Odisha and its capital Bhubaneswar killing 87 people and suffering 33454 people and accompanied by ill health, job losses, domestic violence, poverty, food scarcity and loss of mobility. Scope: To manage the pandemic need good governance, leadership and health-care upgrading, public private partnership, public awareness, risk communication with improvising continuous supply of foods, goods, service systems. Many dynamic epidemic models i.e. SIR and SIS and SEIR and SEIRS are suggested, but the Ganjam practical field model has been observed successful in Odisha like Kerala, Bhilwara (Rajasthan) and Dharabi (Mumbai) models are popular Original Research Article Mishra and Sethi; CJAST, 39(34): 143-163, 2020; Article no.CJAST.62650 144 in India. However the present focused areas is Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation which is worst affected hotspot areas for COVID19 in Odisha. Methodology: The search envisages collection of data of Ganjam, Bhubaneswar, Odisha and India day wise and analyzing the data statistically. The work includes preparing the adoptive model for Ganjam district and age wise. The age group and gender wise analysis of the COVID19 data of Bhubaneswar has been done along with finding the peaks of the outbreak curve in Odisha and the districts. Results: The micro level investigation revealed that male female confirmed case has a ratio of 67%:33%. The number cases is observed higher from age group is 15 to 41 years. Still the virus has proved causing more mortality to age group >60 in Odisha including Bhubaneswar. The children and women are the least prey to COVID19. The ACE 2 receptors are responsible for infection from SARSCoV2 virus. Ganjam model is one among the successful model to combat against COVID19 for the people of Odisha.

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Siba Prasad Mishra

Papers

Storm impact on south odisha coast, india

Anthropocene Physiography and Morphology of Chilika; India

Migration of Tidal Inlets of Chilika Lagoon, Odisha, India -A Critical Study

Parametric Strategy for Composite Cement Concrete Blended with Fly Ash & Glass Fiber

Micro Level Search for COVID-19, Bhubaneswar: Odisha, India