Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) constitute one of the most promising third-millennium technologies and have wide range of applications in our surrounding environment. The reason behind the vast adoption of WSNs in various applications is that they have tremendously appealing features, e.g., low production cost, low installation cost, unattended network operation, autonomous and longtime operation. WSNs have started to merge with the Internet of Things (IoT) through the introduction of Internet access capability in sensor nodes and sensing ability in Internet-connected devices. Thereby, the IoT is providing access to huge amount of data, collected by the WSNs, over the Internet. Hence, the security of IoT should start with foremost securing WSNs ahead of the other components. However, owing to the absence of a physical line-of-defense, i.e., there is no dedicated infrastructure such as gateways to watch and observe the flowing information in the network, security of WSNs along with IoT is of a big concern to the scientific community. More specifically, for the application areas in which CIA (confidentiality, integrity, availability) has prime importance, WSNs and emerging IoT technology might constitute an open avenue for the attackers. Besides, recent integration and collaboration of WSNs with IoT will open new challenges and problems in terms of security. Hence, this would be a nightmare for the individuals using these systems as well as the security administrators who are managing those networks. Therefore, a detailed review of security attacks towards WSNs and IoT, along with the techniques for prevention, detection, and mitigation of those attacks are provided in this paper. In this text, attacks are categorized and treated into mainly two parts, most or all types of attacks towards WSNs and IoT are investigated under that umbrella: “Passive Attacks” and “Active Attacks”. Understanding these attacks and their associated defense mechanisms will help paving a secure path towards the proliferation and public acceptance of IoT technology.

/pdf/security-of-the-internet-of-things-vulnerabilities-attacks-5f8nyperis.pdf

Security of the Internet of Things: Vulnerabilities, Attacks, and Countermeasures

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) constitute one of the most promising third-millennium technologies and have a wide range of applications in our surrounding environment. The reason behind the vast adoption of WSNs in various applications is that they have tremendously appealing features, e.g., low production cost, low installation cost, unattended network operation, autonomous and longtime operation. WSNs have started to merge with the Internet of Things (IoT) through the introduction of Internet access capability in sensor nodes and sensing ability in Internet-connected devices. Thereby, the IoT is providing access to huge amount of data, collected by the WSNs, over the Internet. However, owing to the absence of a physical line-of-defense, i.e. there is no dedicated infrastructure such as gateways to watch and observe the flowing information in the network, security of WSNs along with IoT is of a big concern to the scientific community. Besides, recent integration and collaboration of WSNs with IoT will open new challenges and problems in terms of security. Hence, this would be a nightmare for the individuals using these systems as well as the security administrators who are managing those networks. Therefore, a detailed review of security attacks towards WSNs and IoT, along with the techniques for prevention, detection, and mitigation of those attacks are provided in this paper. In this text, attacks are categorized and treated into mainly two parts, most or all types of attacks towards WSNs and IoT are investigated under that umbrella: "Passive Attacks" and "Active Attacks". Understanding these attacks and their associated defense mechanisms will help to pave a secure path towards the proliferation and public acceptance of IoT technology.

Security of the Internet of Things: Vulnerabilities, Attacks and Countermeasures.

Internet of things (IoT) is realized by the idea of free flow of information amongst various low-power embedded devices that use the Internet to communicate with one another It is predicted that the IoT will be widely deployed and will find applicability in various domains of life Demands of IoT have lately attracted huge attention, and organizations are excited about the business value of the data that will be generated by deploying such networks On the contrary, IoT has various security and privacy concerns for the end users that limit its proliferation In this paper, we have identified, categorized, and discussed various security challenges and state-of-the-art efforts to resolve these challenges

/pdf/understanding-security-requirements-and-challenges-in-24vf64t7da.pdf

Understanding Security Requirements and Challenges in Internet of Things (IoT): A Review

In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), the lifetime optimization based on minimal energy consumption and security are the crucial issues for the effective design of protocols to perform multi-hop secure routing. In order to address these issues, we propose a new routing protocol called Secured Quality of Service (QoS) aware Energy Efficient Routing Protocol in this paper which is designed based on trust and energy modelling for enhancing the security of WSN and also to optimize the energy utilization. In this proposed work, the trust modelling uses an authentication technique with a key based security mechanism for providing trust scores. Moreover, three types of trust scores namely direct, indirect and overall trust scores are calculated in this work for enhancing the security of communication. In addition, a cluster based secure routing algorithm is proposed in this work in which the cluster head has been selected based on QoS metrics and trust scores to perform cluster based secure routing. Finally, the final path has been selected based on path-trust, energy and hop count to efficiently carry out the secure routing process. The proposed work has been assessed by simulations carried out using NS2 simulator. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides better performance in terms of increase in packet delivery ratio, network life time and security. Moreover, it provides reduction in delay and energy consumption when the proposed secure routing algorithm is compared to the other related secure routing algorithms.

QoS Aware Trust Based Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

Internet of Things (IoT) enables modern improvements in smart sensors, RFID, Internet technologies, and communication protocols. Sensor nodes are treated as smart devices and widely used to gather and forward sensed information. However, besides intrinsic constraints on sensor nodes, they are vulnerable to a variety of security threats. This paper presents an energy-aware and secure multi-hop routing (ESMR) protocol by using a secret sharing scheme to increase the performance of energy efficiency with multi-hop data security against malicious actions. The proposed protocol comprises three main aspects. First, the network field is segmented into inner and outer zones based on the node location. Furthermore, in each zone, numerous clusters are generated on the basis of node neighborhood vicinity. Second, the data transmission from cluster heads in each zone towards the sink node is secured using the proposed efficient secret sharing scheme. In the end, the proposed solution evaluates the quantitative analysis of data links to minimize the routing disturbance. The presented work provides a lightweight solution with secure data routing in multi-hop approach for the IoT-based constrained wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of proposed energy-aware and secure multi-hop routing protocol in terms of network lifetime by 38%, network throughput by 34%, energy consumption by 34%, average end-to-end delay by 28%, and routing overhead by 36% in comparison with the existing work.

/pdf/secret-sharing-based-energy-aware-and-multi-hop-routing-2pmmexuqoi.pdf

Secret Sharing-Based Energy-Aware and Multi-Hop Routing Protocol for IoT Based WSNs

In recent years, trust-aware routing protocol plays a vital role in security of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which is one of the most popular network technologies for smart city. However, several key issues in conventional trust-aware routing protocols still remain to be solved, such as the compatibility of trust metric with QoS metrics and the control of overhead produced by trust evaluation procedure. This paper proposes a trust-aware secure routing framework (TSRF) with the characteristics of lightweight and high ability to resist various attacks. To meet the security requirements of routing protocols in WSNs, we first analyze features of common attacks on trust-aware routing schemes. Then, specific trust computation and trust derivation schemes are proposed based on analysis results. Finally, our design uses the combination of trust metric and QoS metrics as routing metrics to present an optimized routing algorithm. We show with the help of simulations that TSRF can achieve both intended security and high efficiency suitable for WSN-based networks.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2014/209436

TSRF: A Trust-Aware Secure Routing Framework in Wireless Sensor Networks

Security is one of the most important issues we should solve before deploying wireless sensor networks in practical applications. Compared with traditional wireless networks, the industrial environment is harsher and more complex, which has a higher requirement for network security. Although cryptographic primitives can provide the capability to resist against the attacks from the external network, they can not address the problem caused by the internal failed or compromised field devices. In this paper, we propose a trust management scheme for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks to solve this problem. By utilizing the centralized network manager, we first provide the architecture of trust management to improve the security of the network. Then a trust computation model is proposed to evaluate the trust value of field devices. Finally, we compare the performance of our scheme with some classic trust management schemes. The simulation results show that our scheme can improve the accuracy and robustness of the trust evaluation process in industrial environments and ensure the security of the network.

Sidong Zhang

Papers

TSRF: A Trust-Aware Secure Routing Framework in Wireless Sensor Networks

A trust management scheme for industrial wireless sensor networks