Showing papers by "Silvia Vilčeková published in 2014"

Using Experimental Measurements the Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide for Determining the Intensity of Ventilation in the Rooms

Abstract: Considering the fact that in operating costs of the new building the important place take expenses on heating, mainly, on air heating in systems of ventilation, the measures directed on optimization of the intensity of ventilation at maintaining comfort of consumers, are of high importance and have national character. To reduce electricity consumption it is possible to use air-conditioning equipment providing heat recovery from exhaust air. When choosing the ventilating equipment it is necessary to consider the correct boundary conditions that the ventilating equipment wasn't the overestimated or underestimated power with the aim of optimizing investment and operating costs of ventilation equipment in compliance with sanitary requirements with regard to air quality in the internal environment of buildings. This paper is aimed to develop a methodology for determining the intensity of ventilation of indoor premises based on the experimental measurements of the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2). Using experimental measurements and the knowledge gained in the study of this issue, in the work the method for intensity ventilation determining of the indoor premises was developed on the basis of the measured values of carbon dioxide which was verified also by another experimental measurements. The resulting values of ventilation intensity rate obtained by calculation from the measured values of carbon dioxide were compared with the results of calculations executed according to the laws and standards, current in Slovakia. Based on comparison of the results one of the methods for calculation of the ventilation intensity was developed that is valid in Slovakia, the results of which were close to the results obtained by the method of determining the intensity of ventilation rate in the room on the basis of the measured values of carbon dioxide. The above mentioned method is determined by the method of calculating intensity of ventilation rate in the rooms intended for offices.

Multi-criteria analysis of building assessment regarding energy performance using a life-cycle approach

Abstract: The sustainability assessment methods used over the world were the basis of new system development for Slovak conditions. The proposed fields are site selection and project planning; building construction; indoor environmental quality; energy performance; water and waste management. The evaluated indicators were proposed on the basis of available information analysis from particular fields of building environmental assessment and also on the basis of our experimental experiences. The aim of this paper is to present developed building environmental assessment system oriented to energy performance and the significance weight determination. Percentage weight of fields and indicators was determined on the basis of their significance, according to mathematical method.

Measurement of Vocs with a Portable Gc/saw Detector

Abstract: This paper describes the determination of the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in two Slovak buildings. Qualitative measurements were performed using an electronic nose, zNose® 4300. This device has been developed by Electronic Sensor Technology. Technology consists of a combination of gas chromatography with SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) detector. This model was chosen for measurement because it provides a relatively fast results and full portability. Quantitative measurements were performed using a photoionization detector with UV lamp, ppbRAE 3000. Previous studies of indoor air in buildings showed that the occupant behaviour and consumer products influence indoor air quality, as well as building structures and location of the house. Our measurements were focused on VOCs, which are currently an important group of chemical pollutants. Term VOCs includes a wide range of hydrocarbons possessing a characteristic ability to vaporize at room temperature. VOCs are emitted from a large range of well-known sources. For example, from building materials, household products, human activities, cleaning, smoking, or industrial emissions, exhaust from vehicles are some of the anthropogenic sources of VOCs in the outdoor environment which contribute to indoor VOCs. Increased attention is also given to them because they can have a negative impact on human health. This study was carried out on the basis of complaints (smell, headache, nausea) of a laboratory worker, who has an office in the model house. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine what substances cause referred complaints and their possible sources.

Evaluation of Structures Design Concept of Lower Structure from Embodied Energy and Emissions

Abstract: Amount of material and energy sources and the associated environmental pollution is limited over the world. These issues lead to increasing interest in comparing the embodied energy and environmental impacts of buildings using different structure systems and alternative building materials. Buildings play significant role in energy consumption and emission production through all phases of life cycle. Over the last decade, the development towards sustainability has become important issue in building design decisions. The relative contribution of embodied impacts of building materials and structures has been recognized as being significant, especially for high energy effective buildings. Life cycle assessment (LCA) belongs to broadly used methodology which helps to make decisions in sustainable building design. The lower structure of buildings has by far the most significant contribution of embodied impacts associated with the construction phase. The goal of this paper is to assess alternative material solutions of lower structure to support decision at the design phase of project. The solutions are towards reduced embodied environmental impacts and improved energy performance. This study uses life cycle analysis in system boundary from Cradle to Gate and focuses on environmental indicators such as embodied energy and emissions of CO2eq. and SO2eq. The selection and combination of materials influence amount of energy consumption and associated production of emissions during building operation. Therefore this study also calculates thermal-physical parameters. Methods of multi-criteria decision analysis (MDCA) are used for the interpretation of results.

Building environmental assessment — waste management

Abstract: The Slovak building environmental assessment system (BEAS) was developed on the basis of existing systems used in many countries. BEAS as a multi-criteria system which is incorporated in proposed main fields: site selectionp building construction; indoor environment; energy performance; water management and waste management. The goal of waste management is to minimize the waste generated from construction, renovation, and demolition of buildings and to minimize waste generated during the building occupancy. The field of waste management will be introduced in the paper. The aim is also weighting and analysis of significance of waste management indicators using AHP method.

Analysis of Material Solutions of Exterior Walls with Contact Thermal Insulation System

Abstract: Nowadays, heating energy demand has become a significant estimator used during the design stage of any new building. The residential building sector consumes a significant amount of fossil fuel energy and thereby produces a large percentage of greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming and climate change. The aim of the paper is analysis of thermo-physical and environmental parameters of proposed versions of exterior wall structures.

Analysis of New Generation Material Solutions of Lower Structure for Energy Efficient Buildings

Abstract: The goal of this paper is to calculate of thermal physical and environmental parameters of lower structure to support decision at the design phase of the project. The solutions are towards reduced embodied environmental impacts and improved energy performance. This study uses life cycle analysis in system boundary from Cradle to Gate and focuses on environmental indicators such as embodied energy and emissions of CO2eq. and SO2eq. The selection and combination of materials influence amount of energy consumption and associated production of emissions during building operation phase.