Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

Cause, conseguenze e strategie di mitigazione Proponiamo il primo di una serie di articoli in cui affronteremo l’attuale problema dei mutamenti climatici. Presentiamo il documento redatto, votato e pubblicato dall’Ipcc - Comitato intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici - che illustra la sintesi delle ricerche svolte su questo tema rilevante.

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Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.

Changes in portlandite morphology with solvent composition: Atomistic simulations and experiment

인공고관절의 세라믹 볼 헤드의 기계적 안정성 평가를 위한 3 차원 유한요소 해석

応用水文 = Applied hydrology

Both wet and dry detention basins are commonly used for the treatment of road runoff. The basin investigated in this study was located on the eastern side of the southern expressway in Adelaide, Australia. Event mean pollutant concentrations (EMCs) and total pollutant loads were determined for the basin inflows and outflows. The water quality parameters tested included pH, conductivity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids (TDS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorous, total hydrocarbons, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, zinc and nickel. Six critical events were sampled in this manner during the course of the investigation. Total pollutant loads passing through as basin inflow were determined over the six monitored events. Comparison of basin inflow and outflow quality demonstrated that the average load reductions varied from as little as 18% for TDS up to 77% for total phosphorous and lead. While copper concentrations at the basin inflow were detected in four out of the six events, no detec...

Stormwater detention basin for improving road-runoff quality

An Investigation of Free Surface Hydraulic Structures Using Large Eddy Simulation and Computational Fluid Dynamics

Water conservation is an integral part of sustainable building practice and Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD). New building design priorities have been established in Australia that focus on reducing the consumption of both energy and water. The stormwater runoff from commercial buildings is one area in which much potential for improvement has been identified. Gone are the days where the only concern with roof runoff was to ensure its rapid removal from the site. The need to harvest this precious resource has been recognised and new technologies are emerging to resolve this issue. Siphonic roof drainage is a relatively new building services technology which has many benefits over conventional drainage systems. Building designers and architects are specifying siphonic roof drainage systems on an increasing number of commercial and industrial buildings. For example, Sydney Olympic Stadium, the Norman Foster designed Chek Lap Kok airport in Hong Kong and the new International Terminal Buildings at Adelaide and Sydney airports all have siphonic roof systems. The benefits of these systems include, ability to quickly drain high intensity rainfall events, substantial cost reductions, virtual elimination of underground pipework and the opportunities for significant stormwater reuse options. This paper aims to provide an overview of the many benefits that are being realised by planners, building designers, engineers, architects, surveyors, contractors and owners by specifying a siphonic roof drainage system. Furthermore, it will examine the water conservation and reuse options that are possible with siphonic drainage and compare these to conventional roof and property drainage systems.; ;

Rainwater harvesting options for commercial buildings using siphonic roof drainage systems : lessons for building surveyors

Dissolved organic matter is an important component of biogeochemical processes in aquatic environments. Dissolved organic matter may consist of a myriad of different fractions and resultant processing pathways. In early January 2011, heavy rainfall occurred across South East Queensland, Australia causing significant catchment inflow into Lake Wivenhoe, which is the largest water supply reservoir for the city of Brisbane, Australia. The horizontal and vertical distributions of dissolved organic matter fractions in the lake during the flood period were investigated and then compared with stratified conditions with no catchment inflows. The results clearly demonstrate a large variation in dissolved organic matter fractions associated with inflow conditions compared with stratified conditions. During inflows, dissolved organic matter concentrations in the reservoir were fivefold lower than during stratified conditions. Within the dissolved organic matter fractions during inflow, the hydrophobic and humic acid fractions were almost half those recorded during the stratified period whilst low molecular weight neutrals were higher during the flood period compared to during the stratified period. Information on dissolved organic matter and the spatial and vertical variations in its constituents' concentrations across the lake can be very useful for catchment and lake management and for selecting appropriate water treatment processes.

Insight into dissolved organic matter fractions in Lake Wivenhoe during and after a major flood.

The South Australian climate is changing towards less rainfall and consequently water security problems will be intensified (IPCC and CSIRO, 2007). In this study we attempted to identify the statistical behaviour of point rainfall measured at the Adelaide airport. Statistical moments, lag1 autocorrelation, the Buishand's Q test for homogeneity, the Mann-Kendall test for trend and wavelet analyses for shift and temporal variability were carried out at fine (< 12 hour) and at coarse (monthly) temporal resolutions. Series of rainfall intensities at finer temporal scales and rainfall depths and proportion dry ratios at monthly scales were accumulated from the high resolution rainfall dataset. Homogeneity of rainfall intensity was found to increase as the temporal scale increases. Both rainfall intensities and monthly rainfall depths were found to be serially correlated. Except for July, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th statistical moments of rainfall intensities decrease as the scale increases. While no statistically significant trends were found at finer and monthly scales using the Mann-Kendall test, there were indications that trends are more likely as the temporal scale increases. Wavelet power spectra also showed this scenario noticeably. At very fine temporal scales (< 1 hour) rainfall intensities have large temporal variability and no trends or shifts in frequency level were detected. At the 12 hour and monthly temporal resolutions, statistically significant changes of dominant frequency level were observed in some months. Interestingly these changes were observed to happen after 1990.

Simon Beecham

Papers

Stormwater detention basin for improving road-runoff quality

An Investigation of Free Surface Hydraulic Structures Using Large Eddy Simulation and Computational Fluid Dynamics

Rainwater harvesting options for commercial buildings using siphonic roof drainage systems : lessons for building surveyors

Insight into dissolved organic matter fractions in Lake Wivenhoe during and after a major flood.

Statistical Behaviour of Adelaide's Rainfall — Is Climate Change Detectable?