Introduction to Islamic Finance

The Bully, the Bullied and the Bystander: From Pre-School to High School - How Parents and Teachers Can Help Break the Cycle of Violence

Penulis : Prof. Dr. Abdul Halim, MBA, Akt. Tahun/Edisi : 2004/Edisi Revisi. Halaman : 220 + xiv hal. Penerbit : Penerbit Salemba Empat, Jakarta.

Akuntansi Sektor Publik Akuntansi Keuangan Daerah

The proximate composition, vitamin C, I±-tocopherol, dietary fibers, minerals, fatty acid and amino acid profiles of three tropical edible seaweeds, Eucheuma cottonii (Rhodophyta), Caulerpa lentillifera (Chlorophyta) and Sargassum polycystum (Phaeophyta) were studied. The seaweeds were high in ash (37.15â€“46.19%) and dietary fibers (25.05â€“39.67%) and low in lipid content (0.29â€“1.11%) on dry weight (DW) basis. These seaweeds contained 12.01â€“15.53% macro-minerals (Na, K, Ca and Mg) and 7.53â€“71.53 mg.100 gâˆ’1 trace minerals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Se and I). The crude protein content of E. cottonii (9.76% DW) and C. lentillifera (10.41% DW) were higher than that of S. polycystum (5.4% DW), and protein chemical scores are between 20 and 67%. The PUFA content of E. cottonii was 51.55%, C. lentillifera 16.76% and S. polycystum 20.34%. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), accounted for 24.98% of all fatty acids in E. cottonii.
These seaweeds have significant vitamin C (âˆ¼35 mg.100 gâˆ’1) and I±-tocopherol (5.85â€“11.29 mg.100 gâˆ’1) contents.

Nutrient content of tropical edible seaweeds, Eucheuma cottonii, Caulerpa lentillifera and Sargassum polycystum. J Appl Phycol

Endophytic fungi are broadly dispersed residing inside plant tissues and have been demonstrated as a treasure for bioactive natural products. Unexplored harsh and heavy metal contaminant habitat of Avicennia marina may have diverse and potential fungal association. Therefore, this work aimed to isolate the culturable fungal endophytes associated with leaves of A. marina and to evaluate their medical potentialities. Seventeen isolates of endophyte fungi were isolated from healthy leaves and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated. Results showed that isolates had activity against micro-organisms in addition to their antioxidant activity produced a variety of phenolic compounds, besides exhibited a lowest cytotoxicity against ATCC-CCL-81 cell line. Consequently, selected endophytic fungal isolates were identified genetically as Chaetomium sp., Chaetomium madrasense, Chaetomium sp., Chaetomium globosum, Aspergillus hiratsukae, Aspergillus ochraceus, Alternaria tenuissima and Curvularia lunata with gene bank accession numbers MT089951, MT089952, MT089953, MT089954, MT089955, MT089956, MT089957 and MT089958 respectively. The most potent fungus extract was analysed using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry which verified the presence of numerous bioactive compounds. These findings confirmed that new endophytic fungal strains derived from A. marina thrive in harsh ecosystem produce bioactive metabolites which can be recommended as a novel source for drug discovery.

Fungal endophytes from leaves of Avicennia marina growing in semi-arid environment as a promising source for bioactive compounds.

An antiviral agent is urgently needed based on the high probability of the emergence and re-emergence of future viral disease, highlighted by the recent global COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence may be seen in the discovery of the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and recently discovered Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2. The need for strategies besides testing and isolation, social distancing, and vaccine development is clear. One of the strategies includes searching for an antiviral agent that provides effective results without toxicity, which is well-presented by significant results for carrageenan nasal spray in providing efficacy against human coronavirus-infected patients. As the primary producer of sulfated polysaccharides, marine plants, including macro- and microalgae, offer versatility in culture, production, and post-isolation development in obtaining the needed antiviral agent. Therefore, this review will describe an attempt to highlight the search for practical and safe antiviral agents from algal-based sulfated polysaccharides and to unveil their features for future development.

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Antiviral Activities of Algal-Based Sulfated Polysaccharides

Procyclicality of banking system is believed to be one of the important sources of financial system systemic instability which could be addressed by macroprudential policy. This study aims to test procyclicality of Islamic and conventional banks in Indonesia using several quantitative methods in developing Islamic macroprudential policy. The study shows that as growth increases, growth of Islamic financing increases more than the increase of conventional loan. It implies that Islamic bank is more procyclical than conventional bank. The study also shows that procyclicality of Islamic bank does not create credit bubbles, so that it can be classified as good procyclicality, which can be beneficial to long-term economic growth. On the contrary, procyclicality of conventional bank does create bubbles, so that it can be categorized as bad procyclicality. Taking into account Islamic bank has inherent stability and has closer link to the real sector, therefore measures for Islamic macroprudential should be more flexible than those for conventional macroprudential.

Testing of the Procyclicality of Islamic and Conventional Banks in Indonesia

Soft corals are well-known as excellent sources of marine-derived natural products. Among them, members of the genera Sarcophyton, Sinularia, and Lobophytum are especially attractive targets for marine natural product research. In this review, we reported the marine-derived natural products called cembranoids isolated from soft corals, including the genera Sarcophyton, Sinularia, and Lobophytum. Here, we reviewed 72 reports published between 2016 and 2020, comprising 360 compounds, of which 260 are new compounds and 100 are previously known compounds with newly recognized activities. The novelty of the organic molecules and their relevant biological activities, delivered by the year of publication, are presented. Among the genera presented in this report, Sarcophyton spp. produce the most cembranoid diterpenes; thus, they are considered as the most important soft corals for marine natural product research. Cembranoids display diverse biological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory. As cembranoids have been credited with a broad range of biological activities, they present a huge potential for the development of various drugs with potential health and ecological benefits.

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Cembranoids of Soft Corals: Recent Updates and Their Biological Activities

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/278/1/012065/pdf

Endophytic microbes and antioxidant activities of secondary metabolites from mangroves Avicennia marina and Xylocarpus granatum

Andrographispaniculata (Burm.f.) Nees has been used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries, especially China, India, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia. This herbaceous plant extract contains active compounds with multiple biological activities against various diseases, including the flu, colds, fever, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. Several isolated compounds from A. paniculata, such as andrographolide and its analogs, have attracted much interest for their potential treatment against several virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2. The mechanisms of action in inhibiting viral infections can be categorized into several types, including regulating the viral entry stage, gene replication, and the formation of mature functional proteins. The efficacy of andrographolide as an antiviral candidate was further investigated since the phytoconstituents of A. paniculata exhibit various physicochemical characteristics, including low solubility and low bioavailability. A discussion on the delivery systems of these active compounds could accelerate their development for commercial applications as antiviral drugs. This study critically reviewed the current antiviral development based on andrographolide and its derivative compounds, especially on their mechanism of action as antiviral drugs and drug delivery systems.

Siti Rahmawati

Papers

Antiviral Activities of Algal-Based Sulfated Polysaccharides

Testing of the Procyclicality of Islamic and Conventional Banks in Indonesia

Cembranoids of Soft Corals: Recent Updates and Their Biological Activities

Endophytic microbes and antioxidant activities of secondary metabolites from mangroves Avicennia marina and Xylocarpus granatum

Antiviral Activities of Andrographolide and Its Derivatives: Mechanism of Action and Delivery System.