We investigate whether income inequality affects subsequent growth in a cross-country sample for 1965-90, using the models of Barro (1997), Bleaney and Nishiyama (2002) and Sachs and Warner (1997), with negative results. We then investigate the evolution of income inequality over the same period and its correlation with growth. The dominating feature is inequality convergence across countries. This convergence has been significantly faster amongst developed countries. Growth does not appear to influence the evolution of inequality over time. Outline

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/81822/1/02-28.pdf

Economic growth and income inequality

The State of Food and Agriculture

The present study explores the relationship between economic growth, electricity consumption, urbanization and environmental degradation in case of United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study covers the quarter frequency data over the period of 1975–2011. We have applied the ARDL bounds testing approach to examine the long run relationship between the variables in the presence of structural breaks. The VECM Granger causality is applied to investigate the direction of causal relationship between the variables. Our empirical exercise reported the existence of cointegration among the series. Further, we found an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and CO 2 emissions i.e. economic growth raises energy emissions initially and declines it after a threshold point of income per capita (EKC exists). Electricity consumption declines CO 2 emissions. The relationship between urbanization and CO 2 emissions is positive. Exports seem to improve the environmental quality by lowering CO 2 emissions. The causality analysis validates the feedback effect between CO 2 emissions and electricity consumption. Economic growth and urbanization Granger cause CO 2 emissions.

Economic growth, electricity consumption, urbanization and environmental degradation relationship in United Arab Emirates

Linking renewable energy, globalization, agriculture, CO2 emissions and ecological footprint in BRIC countries: A sustainability perspective

Do industrialization, economic growth and globalization processes influence the ecological footprint and healthcare expenditures? Fresh insights based on the STIRPAT model for countries with the highest healthcare expenditures

The agriculture and manufacturing sectors are the backbones of the Indonesian economy; for this reason, research on the effects of these sectors on carbon emissions is an important subject. This work adds urbanization to enrich research on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the EKC hypothesis was confirmed in Indonesia with a turning point of 2057.89 USD/capita. The research results show that all variables affect the escalation of greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia. Furthermore, there is a bidirectional causality relationship between emissions with economic growth, emissions with agricultural sector, emissions with manufacturing sector, economic growth with agricultural sector, and economic growth with manufacturing. The unidirectional causality is found in emissions by urbanization and economic growth by urbanization. To reduce the impact of environmental damage caused by the activities of agriculture, manufacturing, and urbanization sectors, it is recommended that the government conduct water-efficient rice cultivation and increase the use of renewable energy.

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How agriculture, manufacture, and urbanization induced carbon emission? The case of Indonesia.

This paper aims to determine the impact of regional policy (RAD GRK) and population on GHG emission reductions in the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis of land-based agriculture (food crops, horticulture, and plantations) in Indonesia. This study uses provinciallevel panel data and is processed using the GMM system method. The conclusion of this study proved the occurrence of the EKC hypothesis of the land-based agriculture sector in Indonesia with turning points of Rp. 44,201,600 /capita and Rp. 43,888,800/capita. The results of the study show that regional government policies and population growth in Indonesia has reduced the level of GHG emissions in the land-based agriculture sector. Current World Environment www.cwejournal.org ISSN: 0973-4929, Vol. 15, No. (2) 2020, Pg. 260-272 CONTACT Irham irham@ugm.ac.id Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. JL. Flora, Bulaksumur, Karang Malang, Caturtunggal, Kec. Depok, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Indonesia. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Enviro Research Publishers. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons license: Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY). Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CWE.15.2.14 Article History Received: 21 February 2020 Accepted: 15 July 2020

The Impact of Regional Policy and Population Growth on Environmental Kuznets Curve for Agricultural Sector in Indonesia: A Provincial Dynamic Panel Data Analysis.

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) growth and development is influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. One of the biotic factors that influence it is a pest attack. Pests are organisms that cause direct damage to plants. Farmers need to make regular observations to minimize the occurrence of pest attacks. Regular observations help farmers find out early on pest populations on plants and can control them immediately. Pests on sweet potato plants are very diverse, therefore, to get the right diagnosis, farmers need to consult with experts where this is often an obstacle due to time and cost constraints. One way to facilitate the identification of these pests is to use a system that can provide conclusions based on the existing symptoms, this system is called an expert system. In this study, the authors build a web-based expert system application using the forward chaining method and certainty factor, while the software development method that the author uses is the waterfall method, and the software testing method uses the black box method. This research produces a web-based application. Based on testing, the application has been successful and runs well.

Slamet Eko Prastiyo

Papers

How agriculture, manufacture, and urbanization induced carbon emission? The case of Indonesia.

The Impact of Regional Policy and Population Growth on Environmental Kuznets Curve for Agricultural Sector in Indonesia: A Provincial Dynamic Panel Data Analysis.

Sweet Potato Pest Diagnosis Expert System (Ipomoea Batatas) with Forward Chaining Method and Certainty Factor