Publisher Summary The new telecommunications are a product of the computer revolution. One of the ways in which China could technologically leapfrog and make a quantum gain in telecommunications capabilities would be through its space program. An automatic pattern generator was successfully made in 1972—this was the first of its kind for photolithography mask making in China. Subsequently, it was used successfully in making masks for 256-bit and 1024-bit MOS shift registers, which were among the first generation of large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits being developed in the country. In the decade from 1978 to 1987 China underwent a very substantial restructuring with deep reforms in the rural and industrial sectors, educational sector, and management of science sector, all seeking to invigorate China to modernize to world standards. In the 1980s, the microprocessor technology was rapidly changing the economies of industrialized countries. The fact for China as well as for all of the developing countries that seek a degree of technological independence is that a computer industry is not a matter of status but is becoming a matter of national survival.

Computer science and information technology in the People's Republic of China: the emergence of connectivity

Comparing IS development tools and methods: using speech act theory

Computing in the People's Republic of China has recently begun to gain momentum. Because of China's large population, its computing requirements are of worldwide interest. This article discusses the background of Chinese computing and the implementation of a Chinese-English microcomputer system which is now being used in several places including the PRC.

A Chinese-English microcomputer system

The computer processing of Chinese characters (CPCC) began in the 1970s. Research into CPCC exists not only in China (including mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong), but also in other countries using Chinese characters (mainly Japan and Korea, but including some western countries). This review discusses these developments on the basis of recent literature, a visit to mainland China and the practical experience of designing Chinese IR systems. The first major issue of CPCC is the coding of Chinese characters, including internal and input codes. The past two decades have led to five national internal coding standards, which represent characters by 2 byte or 3 byte codes, and to more than 500 input methods. The second issue is concerned with the design of hardware and software for Chinese computers. This has led to some practical products, especially microcomputer systems. However, the structure of Chinese computers, including both hardware and software, generally follows the models of western systems (i.e., Chinese systems = western systems + Chinese I/O). In addition to the coding and the design of Chinese computers, this review also covers the application of CPCC in libraries and information services.

Computer processing of Chinese characteristics: an overview of two decades research and development

Automatic indexing is the automatic creation of a text surrogate, normally keywords or phrases,
to represent the original text. In the current English text retrieval systems, this process of content
representation is accomplished by extracting words using spaces and punctuations as word delimiters.
The same technique cannot easily be applied to Chinese texts which contain no obvious word boundaries;
they appear to be a linear sequence of non-spaced or equally spaced ideographic characters and thenumber
of characters in words varies.
The solution to the problem lies in morphological and syntactic analyses of Chinese morphemes,
words and phrases. The idea is inspired by the experiments on English computational morphology and
its application to English text retrieval, mainly automatic compound and phrase indexing. These areas
are particularly germane to Chinese because typographically there are no morph and phrase boundaries
in either Chinese or English texts. The experiment is based on the hypothesis that words and phrases
exceeding two Chinese characters can be characterised by a grammar that describes the concatenation
behaviour of morphological and syntactic categories. This is examined using the following three
procedures:
(1) text segmentation - texts are divided into one and two character segments by searching a
dictionary containing over 17000 morphemes and words, which are tagged with 'morphological
and syntactic categories.
(2) category disambiguation - for the resulting morphemes and words tagged with more than one
category, the correct one is selected based on context
(3) parsing - the segments are analysed using the grammar, which combines them into compound
and complex words and phrases for indexing and retrieval.
The utilities employed in the experiment include CCOOS, an extended version of MSOOS
providing for Chinese I/O system,Chinese Wordstar for text input and Chinese dBASEIII for dictionary
construction. Source codes are written in Turbo BASIC including its database toolbox. Thiny texts are
drawn randomly from newspapers to form thcsample for the experiment. The results prove that the partial
syntactic analysis-based approach can extract keywords with a good degree of accuracy.

A partial syntactic analysis-based pre-processor for automatic indexing and retrieval of Chinese texts

China is committed to bringing its technological capabilities in line with those of Western nations by the year 2000. This followup to a separate September 1984 conference report describes computing facilities visited during the First International Conference on Computers and Applications. The People's Republic of China has put a high priority on the electronics and computer sector of its economy. It believes that these fields are key to its modernization goals. Advances in the fields of computerization and telecommunications are being sought as China attempts to create, by the year 2000, an up-to-date industrial, agricultural, scientific, technological, and defense base in line with those of Western nations. Evidence of China's commitment to technology was provided in the First International Conference on Computers and Applications held in Beijing, China, June 1984.1 It was a landmark for the PRC, since it was the first major international computing event held there. This report describes visits made to computing facilities in Beijing and Shanghai by three American conference attendees. The visits provided some representative examples of computer development and use in China as well as some indicators of current priorities and strategies for harnessing that technology. Sites visited included three universities, a government scientific institution, a radio factory, a computer factory, and a public computer store. One of the authors had previously visited China2 and was able to draw some inferences on trends and directions based on personal observations. National Institute of Metrology

Sloan

Papers

A Tour of Computing Facilities in China