Non-directive therapy provides an opportunity to observe the inner dynamics of personality as they proceed with a minimum of interference from the therapist. It appears that the perception of self is a basic factor influencing the behavior and adjustment of the individual. Under certain conditions the individual can reorganize his field of perception, including the way he perceives himself. Successful therapy is not a solution of problems. It gives a feeling of freedom and contentment which follows from an accurate and realistic perception of the self. The conditions necessary for this reorganization are an atmosphere of permissiveness and understanding and assistance in focusing upon the perception of self. In clinical psychology and personality research the therapist must study the individual from within the individual's own particular frame of reference. Secondly, the implication is that effective treatment is concerned with the internal unification of the individual and not with environmental changes. Thirdly, it appears that personality attributes and psychological abilities are not fixed but are alterable. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

Some Observations On The Organization of Personality

Relation of dominance to non-directiveness in counseling.

S I N C E the chapter on this topic by Rogers (40) which appeared in the April 1945 issue of the REVIEW the literature has expanded greatly. An extensive review by Snyder (52) of the literature appeared recently in the Psychological Bulletin and covered the period 1940-46. It contained 426 references and dealt with the psychotherapy and counseling problem, counseling being defined as \"the face-to-face relationship in which a psychologically trained individual is consciously attempting by verbal means to assist another person or persons to modify emotional attitudes that are socially maladjusted, and in which the subject is relatively aware of the personality reorganization thru which he is going.\" This definition is accepted for the purposes of the present review and would exclude non­ verbal therapy and counseling not primarily concerned with emotional problems. Snyder's treatment included as major headings: The Psychologist as a Counselor; Traditional Psychotherapeutic Counseling; Hypnosis; Psy­ choanalysis; Psychodrama; Relationship Therapy; Nonđirective Therapy; Group Therapy; Theoretical Considerations.

Chapter V: Counseling1

Although these premises are undeniably sound, it is well to keep in mind the level at which we now deal with the problems of our clients. Diagnosis of emotional, vocational, and educational problems is exceedingly crude. With a relative degree of certainty, diagnoses such as &dquo;alcoholic,&dquo; &dquo;vocational indecision,&dquo; &dquo;behavior problem,&dquo; or &dquo;disturbed&dquo; can be made.

Counseling: Eclectic Or Systematic?

https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5391&context=rtd

Snyder Wu

Papers

Warmth in nondirective counseling.