Probiotics have several health benefits by modulating gut microbiome; however, techno-functional limitations such as viability controls have hampered their full potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. Therefore, the focus is gradually shifting from viable probiotic bacteria towards non-viable paraprobiotics and/or probiotics derived biomolecules, so-called postbiotics. Paraprobiotics and postbiotics are the emerging concepts in the functional foods field because they impart an array of health-promoting properties. Although, these terms are not well defined, however, for time being these terms have been defined as here. The postbiotics are the complex mixture of metabolic products secreted by probiotics in cell-free supernatants such as enzymes, secreted proteins, short chain fatty acids, vitamins, secreted biosurfactants, amino acids, peptides, organic acids, etc. While, the paraprobiotics are the inactivated microbial cells of probiotics (intact or ruptured containing cell components such as peptidoglycans, teichoic acids, surface proteins, etc.) or crude cell extracts (i.e. with complex chemical composition)”. However, in many instances postbiotics have been used for whole category of postbiotics and parabiotics. These elicit several advantages over probiotics like; (i) availability in their pure form, (ii) ease in production and storage, (iii) availability of production process for industrial-scale-up, (iv) specific mechanism of action, (v) better accessibility of Microbes Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP) during recognition and interaction with Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) and (vi) more likely to trigger only the targeted responses by specific ligand-receptor interactions. The current review comprehensively summarizes and discussed various methodologies implied to extract, purify, and identification of paraprobiotic and postbiotic compounds and their potential health benefits.

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Postbiotics-parabiotics: the new horizons in microbial biotherapy and functional foods

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, COVID-19, was discovered to be the causal agent of a severe respiratory infection named SARS-CoV-2, and it has since been recognized worldwide as a pandemic. There are still numerous doubts concerning its pathogenesis and particularly the underlying causes of the various clinical courses, ranging from severe manifestations to asymptomatic forms, including acute respiratory distress syndrome. The major factor responsible for acute respiratory distress syndrome is the so-called "cytokine storm," which is an aberrant response from the host immune system that induces an exaggerated release of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines. In this review, we will discuss the role of cytokine storm in COVID-19 and potential treatments with which counteract this aberrant response, which may be valuable in the clinical translation.

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Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: "When You Come Out of the Storm, You Won't Be the Same Person Who Walked in".

Cognitive impairment (CI) refers to the dysfunction of memory, language, visual space, execution, calculation, understanding, and judgment in one or more aspects. With global aging, CI will become ...

Traditional Chinese Medicine for Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Impairment: A Review.

Mammalian mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), across the inner and outer membranes of mitochondria, is a nonspecific channel for signal transduction or material transfer between mitochondrial matrix and cytoplasm such as maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis, regulation of oxidative stress signals, and protein translocation evoked by some of stimuli. Continuous MPTP opening has been proved to stimulate neuronal apoptosis in ischemic stroke. Meanwhile, inhibition of MPTP overopening-induced apoptosis has shown excellent efficacy in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Among of which, the potential molecular mechanisms of drug therapy for stroke has also been gradually revealed by researchers. The characteristics of multi-components or multi-targets for ethnic drugs also provide the possibility to treat stroke from the perspective of mitochondrial MPTP. The advantages mentioned above make it necessary for us to explore and clarify the new perspective of ethnic medicine in treating stroke and to determine the specific molecular mechanisms through advanced technologies as much as possible. In this review, we attempt to uncover the relationship between abnormal MPTP opening and neuronal apoptosis in ischemic stroke. We further summarized currently authorized drugs, ethnic medicine prescriptions, herbs, and identified monomer compounds for inhibition of MPTP overopening-induced ischemic neuron apoptosis. Finally, we strive to provide a new perspective and enlightenment for ethnic medicine in the prevention and treatment of stroke by inhibition of MPTP overopening-induced neuronal apoptosis.

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Mitochondrial MPTP: A Novel Target of Ethnomedicine for Stroke Treatment by Apoptosis Inhibition.

Polyphenols represent the most studied class of nutraceuticals that can be therapeutics for a large spectrum of diseases, including cancer. In this study, we investigated for the first time the antitumor activities of polyphenol extract from Annurca apple (APE) in MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells, and we explored the underlying mechanisms. APE selectively inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell viability and caused G2/M phase arrest associated with p27 and phospho-cdc25C upregulation and with p21 downregulation. APE promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in MDA-MB-231 cells while it acted as antioxidant in non-tumorigenic MCF10A cells. We demonstrated that ROS generation represented the primary step of APE antitumor activity as pretreatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevented APE-induced G2/M phase arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy. APE downregulated Dusp-1 and induced a significant increase in JNK/c-Jun phosphorylation that were both prevented by NAC. Moreover, downregulation of JNK by its specific inhibitor SP600125 significantly diminished the anticancer activity of APE indicating that ROS generation and sustained JNK activation represented the main underlying mechanism of APE-induced cell death. APE also inhibited AKT activation and downregulated several oncoproteins, such as NF-kB, c-myc, and β-catenin. In light of these results, APE may be an attractive candidate for drug development against triple negative breast cancer.

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Annurca apple polyphenol extract selectively kills MDA-MB-231 cells through ROS generation, sustained JNK activation and cell growth and survival inhibition

Sasang typology is a traditional Korean medical classification scheme that combines medical management with general medicine and can be applied to chronic diseases. We aimed to analyze differences in Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and Sasang Digestive Function Inventory (SDFI) results in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, functional dyspepsia, major depressive disorder (MDD), and adenomyosis. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected at a medical college hospital in South Korea. A total of 248 patients were included: 52 with DM, 47 with hypertension, 36 with functional dyspepsia, 26 with MDD, and 87 with adenomyosis. The subjects took both the SPQ and the SDFI. The outcome measures in this study were body mass index (BMI), SPQ score, and SDFI score. The DM and hypertension groups, which were expected to demonstrate many Taeeum-type traits, exhibited high BMI, high SPQ-Behavior and SDFI-Appetite scores, and low SPQ-Emotionality and SDFI-Digestion scores. The functional dyspepsia group showed low BMI and high scores for SPQ-Behavior, SPQ-Emotionality, SDFI-Digestion, and SDFI-Appetite. The MDD group demonstrated high SPQ-Emotionality and SDFI-Digestion scores, low BMI, and low SPQ-Behavior and SDFI-Appetite scores. The adenomyosis group demonstrated high scores for SPQ-Behavior, SDFI-Digestion, and SDFI-Appetite, low BMI, and low SPQ-Emotionality scores. Different characteristics distinguishing Sasang traits according to chronic diseases were ascertained, especially for Taeeum and Soeum types.

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Manifestations of Sasang Typology according to Common Chronic Diseases in Koreans

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Clinicopathological aspects of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: outcomes of multi-center retrospective study

<h3>Objectives</h3> To demonstrate characteristics of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and association with clinical feature and outcome in cervical cancer. <h3>Methods</h3> Fresh patient tumor tissue samples were obtained from cervical cancer patients with informed consent. From fresh samples, immune cell infiltration was evaluated via flow cytometry. Association between clinicopathologic features, clinical outcome, and status of tumor-infiltrating Immune cells (CD3-CD19+ B Cells, CD3-CD16+CD56+ NK Cells, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cell) was analyzed. <h3>Results</h3> CD3-CD19+ B cell increased in histologic type of adenocarcinoma compared to squamous cell carcinoma. Increased CD4+CD25+ Treg was associated with recurrence before 6 month after initial treatment. In subgroup of Human papilloma virus positive patients, CD4+25+ Treg was elevated in advance clinical stage. In 6 patients, change of immune cell infiltration after concurrent chemoradiation was analyzed. Only Treg decreased after treatment, and other immune cell showed no change. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Tumor-infiltrating immune cells were relevant to clinicopathologic features in cervical cancer. Treg showed possibility as a biomarker for prognosis. 

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EP073/#1109 Tumor infiltrating immune cells and clinicopathologic features in cervical cancer


 Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is an enzyme responsible for symmetric arginine methylation, which governs multiple crucial cellular events. PRMT5 expression and activity are dysregulated in many malignancies. PRMT5 dynamically shuttles between the cytosol and nucleus, and different subcellular localizations of PRMT5 imposes distinct cellular functions. However, the biological significance and underlying regulatory mechanism of PRMT5 translocation remain elusive. Herein, we found that PRMT5 acetylation/deacetylation status is a major determinant of its translocation and oncogenic function. PRMT5 acetylation not only drives its cytoplasmic localization but also enhances its methyltransferase activity, promoting cancer cell proliferation. On the other hand, PRMT5 deacetylation translocates PRMT5 into nucleus, to protect cells under the stress condition. Our current findings demonstrate that the acetylation/deacetylation-dependent subcellular localization of PRMT5 is a key regulator of its oncogenic properties.
 Citation Format: Tam Thuy Lu Vo, Yen Thi Do, Thi Tuyet Mai Pham, So-Jin Shin, Jin Young Kim, Seungmee Lee, Eunyoung Ha, Ji Hae Seo. Acetylation regulates the oncogenic functions of PRMT5 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 328.

Abstract 328: Acetylation regulates the oncogenic functions of PRMT5

We evaluated the clinical outcomes of using type 1 collagen gel after therapeutic resectoscopy; overall, 150 women aged > 20 who planned to undergo therapeutic resectoscopy were enrolled. The patients were randomly assigned to either of the anti-adhesive treatment groups: the type 1 collagen gel (Collabarrier®) (study group; N = 75) or the sodium hyaluronate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose gel group (control group; N = 75) after resectoscopy. One month after applying anti-adhesive materials, postoperative intrauterine adhesions were evaluated using second-look hysteroscopy; the incidence rate of postoperative intrauterine adhesions examined through second-look hysteroscopy showed no significant differences between the groups. There were no statistical differences between the frequency and mean scores of the type and intensity of adhesions in both groups. Finally, no significant differences in adverse events, serious adverse events, adverse device effects, and serious adverse device effects were noted between the two groups; type 1 collagen gel can be effectively and safely used in intrauterine surgery to minimize postoperative adhesions, thereby eventually decreasing the prevalence of infertility, secondary amenorrhea, and recurrent pregnancy loss in reproductive women.

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So Jin Shin

Papers

Manifestations of Sasang Typology according to Common Chronic Diseases in Koreans

Clinicopathological aspects of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: outcomes of multi-center retrospective study

EP073/#1109 Tumor infiltrating immune cells and clinicopathologic features in cervical cancer

Abstract 328: Acetylation regulates the oncogenic functions of PRMT5

Using Type I Collagen Gel to Prevent Postoperative Intrauterine Adhesion: A Multicenter Retrospective Study