Novel tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP)-alginate mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared using TSP and alginate as blend in different ratios with different calcium chloride (CaCl(2)) concentration as a cross linker by ionotropic gelation. The prepared microspheres were of spherical shape having rough surfaces, and average particle sizes within the range of 752.12 ± 6.42 to 948.49 ± 20.92 µm. The drug entrapment efficiency of these microspheres were within the range between 58.12 ± 2.42 to 82.78 ± 3.43% w/w. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies indicated that there were no reactions between gliclazide, and polymers (TSP, and sodium alginate) used. Different formulations of gliclazide loaded TSP-alginate microspheres showed prolonged in vitro release profiles of gliclazide over 12 hours in both stomach pH (pH 1.2), and intestinal pH (pH 7.4). It was found that the gliclazide release in gastric pH was comparatively slow and sustained than intestinal pH. These TSP-alginate microspheres also exhibited good mucoadhesivity. The in vivo studies on alloxan-induced diabetic rats (Animal Ethical Committee registration number: IFTM/837ac/0160) demonstrated the significant hypoglycemic effect of selected formulation of TSP-alginate mucoadhesive microspheres containing gliclazide on oral administration. This developed gliclazide loaded new TSP-alginate mucoadhesive microspheres may be very much useful for prolonged systemic absorption of gliclazide for proper maintaining blood glucose level and advanced patient compliance.

Novel tamarind seed polysaccharide-alginate mucoadhesive microspheres for oral gliclazide delivery: in vitro-in vivo evaluation.

Ocular lesions associated with HIV infection in India: a series of 100 consecutive patients evaluated at a referral center - a period of transition

Disruption of the epithelial barrier function has been recently associated with a variety of diseases, mainly at intestinal level, but also affecting the respiratory epithelium and other mucosal barriers. Non-pharmacological approaches such as xyloglucan, with demonstrated protective barrier properties, are proposed as new alternatives for the management of a wide range of diseases, for which mucosal disruption and, particularly, tight junction alterations, is a common characteristic. Xyloglucan, a natural polysaccharide derived from tamarind seeds, possesses a "mucin-like" molecular structure that confers mucoadhesive properties, allowing xyloglucan formulations to act as a barrier capable of reducing bacterial adherence and invasion and to preserve tight junctions and paracellular flux, as observed in different in vitro and in vivo studies. In clinical trials, xyloglucan has been seen to reduce symptoms of gastroenteritis in adults and children, nasal disorders and dry eye syndrome. Similar mucosal protectors containing reticulated proteins have also been useful for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and urinary tract infections. The role of xyloglucan in other disorders with mucosal disruption, such as dermatological or other infectious diseases, deserves further research. In conclusion, xyloglucan, endowed with film-forming protective barrier properties, is a safe non-pharmacological alternative for the management of different diseases, such as gastrointestinal and nasal disorders.

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Xyloglucan, a Plant Polymer with Barrier Protective Properties over the Mucous Membranes: An Overview.

The current article focuses on polymers used in mucosal delivery of therapeutic agents. The mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a popular novel drug delivery method because mucous membranes are relatively permeable, allowing for the rapid uptake of a drug into the systemic circulation and avoiding the first pass metabolism. Mucoadhesive polymers have been utilized in many different dosage forms in efforts to achieve systemic delivery of drugs through the different mucosa. These dosage forms include tablets, patches, tapes, films, semisolids and powders. The objective of this review is to study about novel mucoadhesive polymers and to design improved drug delivery systems.

/pdf/novel-mucoadhesive-polymers-a-review-2eqhuj8au1.pdf

Novel Mucoadhesive Polymers -A Review

Interpenetrating hydrogels of O-carboxymethyl Tamarind gum and alginate for monitoring delivery of acyclovir.

Background: Although around 70% of HIV+ cases used to have ocular
manifestations, the late reporting of cases often results in severe
forms of ocular morbidity that would otherwise have been prevented. The
objective of this study was to describe the ocular manifestations of
HIV and AIDS-related patients who had been admitted to TM Jafferji
Hospital, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: Proven cases of HIV were
recruited in this study. Detailed slit lamp examination and fundoscopy
using a +90D lens were carried out in all cases after thoroughly
dilating the pupil with 1% tropicamide eye drops. Results: Around 90%
of the recruited cases were in clinical stage III and IV HIV. The
notable ocular manifestations included micro-vasculopathy of the retina
in 25%, uveitis in 8%, CMV retinitis in 7%, neuro-ophthalmic
manifestation in 6%, Herpes zoster ophthalmicus in 5%, Kaposi’s
sarcoma in 3% and conjunctival carcinoma in 2% of cases. Fifty-three
percent of the cases had other anterior segment disorders like
conjunctivitis, blepharitis and corneal ulcers. Conclusion: Most of the
cases recruited in our study were in the late stages of HIV. A
significantly high number of cases (70%) had ocular manifestations.
Around 53% had additional anterior segment disorders like
conjunctivitis, blepharitis and corneal ulcers.

/pdf/hiv-and-aids-related-ocular-manifestations-in-tanzanian-19ynn64ukw.pdf

HIV- and AIDS-related Ocular Manifestations in Tanzanian Patients.

Release behavior of anticancer drug paclitaxel from tamarind seed polysaccharide galactoxyloglucan

Mucoadhesive nanopolymer - A novel drug carrier for topical ocular drug delivery

We prepared hybrid nano-composites by blending chitosan-Gelatin with Cloisite 30B in aqueous solution These composites were characterized by using FTIR, SEM and XRD analysis Various groups present in the chitosan-Gelatin blend were monitored from FTIR spectra The morphology, homogeneity and crystallinity of the blends were analyzed from SEM and XRD data The results indicated that an intercalated or partially exfoliated nano-composite could be achieved, and the properties of the composite were significantly improved

https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/1188/1205

Synthesis and characterization of gelatin-chitosan nanocomposite to explore the possible use as drug delivery vehicle

Gelatin/montmorillonite Cloisite 30 B (MMT) hybrid nanocomposites were prepared by blending gelatin with cloisite 30B in aqueous solution. The nano composites were characterized by using FTIR, SEM and XRD analysis. From the FTIR spectra the various groups present in the gelatin blend were monitored. The homogeneity, morphology and crystallinity of the blends were ascertained from SEM and XRD data, respectively . The results indicated that an intercalated or partially exfoliated nanocomposite could be achieved, and the properties of the composite were significantly improved.The drug release kinetics were investigated using Ofloxacin as the drug. The kinetics of the drug delivery system has been systematically studied. Drug release kinetics was analyzed by plotting the cumulative release data vs. time by fitting to an exponential equation which indicated the non-Fickian type of kinetics. The drug release was investigated at different pH medium and it was found that the drug release depends upon the pH medium as well as the nature of matrix.

/pdf/gelatin-blended-with-cloisite-30b-mmt-for-control-release-of-4egl0bn3qv.pdf

Soumendra Sahoo

Papers

HIV- and AIDS-related Ocular Manifestations in Tanzanian Patients.

Release behavior of anticancer drug paclitaxel from tamarind seed polysaccharide galactoxyloglucan

Mucoadhesive nanopolymer - A novel drug carrier for topical ocular drug delivery

Synthesis and characterization of gelatin-chitosan nanocomposite to explore the possible use as drug delivery vehicle

Gelatin blended with Cloisite 30B (MMT) for control release of Ofloxacin