Selenium and zinc protections against metal-(loids)-induced toxicity and disease manifestations: A review.

The key challenge of vapor-phase elemental mercury (Hg0) sequestration is the rational design of a sorbent with abundantly available ligands that exhibit excellent affinity toward Hg0 to simultaneously achieve a high uptake capacity and rapid capture rate. In this work, it is demonstrated how the correct combination of functional ligands and structural properties can form an ideal remediator for permanent Hg0 immobilization. The adsorption capacity of an amorphous molybdenum triselenide (MoSe3) nanosheet greater than 1000 mg g-1 is the highest recorded value compared to previously reported sorbents tested in a fixed-bed reactor. Meanwhile, the uptake rate of 240 µg g-1 min-1 is also the highest recorded rate value. Mercury selenide as formed exhibits extremely low leachability when environmentally exposed. This impressive performance is primarily attributed to the appropriate layer space between the nanosheets that permeated Hg0 and the existence of diselenide (Se2 2-) ligands that exhibit excellent affinity toward Hg0. Thus, this work not only provides a promising trap for permanent Hg0 sequestration from industrial and domestic sources with minimum hazard but also provides a detailed illustration of using structural advantages to obtain an ideal sorbent as well as guidance for the further development of Hg0 decontamination techniques.

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Amorphous Molybdenum Selenide Nanosheet as an Efficient Trap for the Permanent Sequestration of Vapor-Phase Elemental Mercury

Dithiothreitol supplementation mitigates hepatic and renal injury in bile duct ligated mice: Potential application in the treatment of cholestasis-associated complications.

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Biological interactions between mercury and selenium in distribution and detoxification processes in mice under controlled exposure. Effects on selenoprotein.

The study was aimed to estimate whether pre-treatment with sodium selenite or taurine would reverse kidney damage induced by intraperitoneal injection of mercuric chloride in rats. Animals were divided into six groups: (1) control group; (2) sodium selenite group; (3) taurine group; (4) HgCl2 group; (5) sodium selenite pretreated group; (6) taurine pretreated group. The results demonstrated that HgCl2 causes significant enhancement in serum malondialdehyde (MDA), creatinine, N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), cystatin C, nephrin and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels accompanied with significant reduction in serum nitric oxide (NO) level. Pretreatment with sodium selenite or taurine produces significant depletion in MDA, NAG, cystatin C, nephrin and IL-6 levels in concomitant with significant elevation in serum NO level as compared to HgCl2 group. HgCl2 induced pathological alterations in the kidney. The ultrastructural investigation of renal cortex of HgCl2-administered group revealed that the glome...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/0886022X.2014.890012

Nephroprotective potential of selenium and taurine against mercuric chloride induced nephropathy in rats.

Protective effect of combined therapy with dithiothreitol, zinc and selenium protects acute mercury induced oxidative injury in rats

Background: There has been increasing awareness throughout the world regarding the remarkable decrease in amphibian population. For such amphibian population decline several causes have been given. Cadmium, a heavy metal is released both from natural sources (leaching of cadmium rich soils) and anthropogenic activities to the aquatic and terrestrial environments. This study evaluated the toxicity of heavy metal cadmium to Indian skipper frog Rana cyanophlyctis. Methods: For the determination of LC50 values for cadmium, four-day static renewal acute toxicity test was used. Five replicates each containing ten frogs were subjected to each concentration of cadmium chloride (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 mg/L). At different exposure periods (24, 48, 72 and 96 h), the mortality of the frog was subjected to Probit analysis with the POLO-PC software (LeOra Software) to calculate the LC50 and 95% confidence level. Results: The LC50 values of cadmium chloride for the frog R. cyanophlyctis at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h are 32.586, 29.994, 27.219 and 23.048 mg/L, respectively. The results have been discussed with the toxicity reported for other aquatic vertebrate --fish. Conclusion: Cadmium caused mortality to the frog and this could be one of the reasons for population decline of frogs which inhabit water contaminated with heavy metals.

http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-506-en.pdf

Acute Toxicity of a Heavy Metal Cadmium to an Anuran, the Indian Skipper Frog Rana cyanophlyctis

The present study elucidates the physiological role of a calcitonin (CT)-like substance in the lamprey (Lampetra japonica) captured in a river. A CT-like substance in the plasma of lampreys (n = 13, both sexes) was examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using an anti-salmon CT serum when they were transferred from freshwater (FW) to 1/3 seawater (1/3 SW). After keeping them in 1/3 SW for one day, the CT-like substance in 1/3 SW-adapted lampreys was significantly higher than that in FW-adapted lampreys. This substance was significantly correlated with the gonad somatic index (GSI) in males; however, the GSI could not be measured in post-spawned females. The present study is in agreement with a previous study showing that the CT-like substance had a significant correlation with the GSI in both sexes. This species of lamprey is born in a river and then migrates from FW to SW after metamorphosis. Subsequently, the lamprey grows up in the sea. Thereafter, it migrates from SW to FW and then spawns in the river to complete its life cycle. The results obtained here suggest that the CT-like substance plays important roles in their migration from FW to SW and their sexual maturation after migrating from SW to FW during their life cycle.

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Srivastav Ajai Kumar

Papers

Protective effect of combined therapy with dithiothreitol, zinc and selenium protects acute mercury induced oxidative injury in rats

Acute Toxicity of a Heavy Metal Cadmium to an Anuran, the Indian Skipper Frog Rana cyanophlyctis

Physiological Role of a Calcitonin-Like Substance in the Life Cycle of the Lamprey, Lampetra japonica (Cyclostomata)