Introduction BASIC RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES 2. Measuring facial actions 3. Vocal expression of affect 4. Proxemics, kinesics and gaze 5. Conducting judgment studies: some methodological issues RESEARCH APPLICATIONS IN NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR 6. Nonverbal behavior and interpersonal sensitivity 7. Nonverbal behavior in education 8. Nonverbal behavior and psychopathology 9. Research methods in detecting deception research 10. Nonverbal communication coding systems of committed couples 11. Macrovariables in affective expression in women with breast cancer participating in support groups SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS 12. Technical issues in recording nonverbal behavior Appendix: Methodological issues in studying nonverbal behavior

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The New Handbook of Methods in Nonverbal Behavior Research

Personal space: Where we now stand.

A theoretical model designed to explain and predict reactive changes in the expression of interpersonal intimacy is presented. The model basically proposes that in an interaction, sufficient changes in one person's intimacy behaviors (e.g., interpersonal distance, eye contact, touch) precipitate arousal change in the other person. Depending upon the type of relationship, the setting, and other factors, this arousal change may be labeled either a positive or negative emotional state. The model predicts that positively labeled states facilitate reciprocal or enhancing reactions to the other person's intimacy changes, while negatively labeled states facilitate compensatory reactions. Applications and limitations of the model are discussed. Research into the role of nonverbal communication in social interaction has increased rapidly over the last several years. Although there is considerable disagreement regarding the use of the label communication to describe these behaviors (see Ekman & Friesen, 1969; Wiener, Devoe, Rubinow, & Geller, 1972), there is little doubt that a wide variety of nonverbal behaviors is important in the interaction process. Argyle and Dean (196S) have suggested that one set of these behaviors, primarily nonverbal and including interpersonal distance, eye contact, leaning, smiling, and intimacy of topic, is critical in indicating interpersonal intimacy. Mehrabian (1969) has discussed many of the same behaviors in a review and has used the label immediacy to refer to a limited number of dimensions including touch, distance, eye contact, body lean, and body orientation. Mehrabian cited considerable evidence indicating that increased immediacy in one or more of these dimensions is related to a more positive attitude toward another. Thus, both Argyle and Dean (1965) and Mehrabian (1969) seem to be describing a common process in postulating a direct relationship between in

http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/rev/83/3/235.pdf

An arousal model of interpersonal intimacy.

Proxemics literature is synthesized and placed in a theoretical framework based on norms and expectations. Two major and three subordinate propositions are supported, and a model for predicting effects of violations of proxemic expectations is advanced. A sample of hypotheses generated from the model is included.

Toward a theory of personal space expectations and their violations

Mutual influence in expressive behavior: adult--adult and infant--adult dyadic interaction.

Field study of the proxemic behavior of young school children in three subcultural groups

Proxemic behavior of black and white first-, third-, and fifth-grade children.

Results of this investigation support the conclusion that projective and quasi‐projective measures of interpersonal distance do not measure the same phenomena as interactional measures. It is possible that they are more indicative of psychological rather than physical distance. Interpretation of past studies using projective and quasi‐projective measures — about half the research in this area — seems highly problematic.

A Test of the Validity of Projective and Quasi-Projective Measures of Interpersonal Distance.

The results of an examination of the literature on directive and nondirective interviewing are compared to the content of the literature on the examination of witnesses in legal proceedings.



A number of hypotheses concerning the relevancy of principles appropriate in one area to practice in the other are advanced. The best ways of obtaining objective information may differ from the best ways of obtaining subjective reactions.

Stanley E. Jones

Papers

Field study of the proxemic behavior of young school children in three subcultural groups

Proxemic behavior of black and white first-, third-, and fifth-grade children.

A Test of the Validity of Projective and Quasi-Projective Measures of Interpersonal Distance.

Directivity vs. Nondirectivity: Implications of the Examination of Witnesses in Law for the Fact‐Finding Interview

Proxemic Behavior of Black First-, Third-, and Fifth-Grade Children.