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Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

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Regularization Of Inverse Problems

The electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique is considered to be one of the most promising methods for developing structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. This technique is simple to implement and uses small and inexpensive piezoelectric sensors. However, practical problems have hindered its application to real-world structures, and temperature effects have been cited in the literature as critical problems. In this paper, we present an experimental study of the effect of temperature on the electrical impedance of the piezoelectric sensors used in the EMI technique. We used 5H PZT (lead zirconate titanate) ceramic sensors, which are commonly used in the EMI technique. The experimental results showed that the temperature effects were strongly frequency-dependent, which may motivate future research in the SHM field.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/1/1208/pdf

An Experimental Study on the Effect of Temperature on Piezoelectric Sensors for Impedance-Based Structural Health Monitoring

IEEE Standard on Piezoelectricity

fundamentals and applications of ultrasonic waves is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the fundamentals and applications of ultrasonic waves is universally compatible with any devices to read.

Fundamentals And Applications Of Ultrasonic Waves

This contribution deals with an advanced synthetic aperture focusing technique for acoustic microscopy, which enables an almost precise reconstruction of the reflectivity distribution of both fluid-like and solid specimen. The presented approach is designed for single-element ultrasonic immersion transducers as they are commonly used in scanning acoustic microscopes. In practice, the resulting images offer at least lateral and axial resolutions of a focused image, which was acquired by a transducer with double center frequency. Moreover, the results show very low side lobe levels and the approach reconstructs the shape of inner defects even in images with present multiple reflections. A comparison with the well-known delay-and-sum technique reveals that the introduced approach offers a significantly more precise reconstruction of the given reflectivity distribution, especially when a complex reflectivity distribution is investigated. The advanced synthetic aperture focusing technique is applied to a generic test samples and to a curved multi-layered compound specimen.

A matched model-based synthetic aperture focusing technique for acoustic microscopy

Zusammenfassung Es wird die Entwicklung und Optimierung eines piezoelektrischen Energy-Harvesting-Systems zur Generierung von elektrischer Energie aus menschlichen Bewegungen vorgestellt. Um die Energie der beim Sport auftretenden tieffrequenten spektralen Beschleunigungsanteile aufnehmen zu können, darf das Harvesting-System eine Eigenresonanzfrequenz von 5 Hz5\\hspace{0.19em}\\text{Hz} nicht überschreiten und muss dabei zusätzlich eine kompakte Bauweise aufweisen. Zur Gewährleistung dieser beiden Punkte wird das Prinzip der kontaktbasierten Frequency-Upconversion verfolgt. Der Primäroszillator wird dabei mit seiner Eigenfrequenz an die energiereichsten Anteile des umgebenden Beschleunigungsspektrums angepasst und überträgt diese aufgenommene Energie, z. B. durch mechanischen Kontakt, an den Sekundäroszillator. Letzterer wandelt diese Energie in elektrische Energie. Dieser Beitrag erläutert analytische Auslegungs- und Optimierungskriterien von Primär- und Sekundäroszillator. Zudem wird eine geeignete Energieextraktionsschaltung ausgewählt, die das Energy-Harvesting-System komplettiert. Das Verhalten der einzelnen Teilsysteme und des Harvesting-Systems in seiner Gesamtheit wird daraufhin messtechnisch und simulativ untersucht. Als Ergebnis der Untersuchungen werden, anhand geeigneter Messungen, Energieübertragungsfaktoren ermittelt und die Funktionsfähigkeit des Gesamtsystems belegt.

Piezoelektrisches Energy-Harvesting in niederfrequenter Anregungsumgebung mittels kontaktbasierter Frequency-Upconversion

The chapter starts with standard approaches for characterizing active and passive materials. The fundamentals of the inverse method regarding material characterization are detailed in Sect. 5.2. In Sects. 5.3 and 5.4, the inverse method will be used to identify the complete data set of piezoceramic materials and the dynamic mechanical behavior of homogenous passive materials such as thermoplastics.

Characterization of Sensor and Actuator Materials

A method for ascertaining at least one pipe wall resonance frequency of a pipeline in the region of a measuring point by means of a field device of process measurements technology having at least a first ultrasonic transducer, which is placed on the pipeline at the measuring point, comprising steps as follows: providing a first transfer function Utransducer(f) at least of the first or a plurality of ultrasonic transducers located in the region of the measuring point; ascertaining a received spectrum Urec(f) from a received signal Urec(t) after transmission of an ultrasonic signal; ascertaining a second transfer function Umeasuring point(f) from the first transfer function Utransducer(f) of the first or the plurality of ultrasonic transducers and from the received spectrum Urec(f), wherein the second transfer function Umeasuring point(f) is characteristic for the measuring point; and ascertaining the at least one pipe wall resonance frequency fres, especially a plurality of resonance frequencies, in the region of the measuring point by evaluating the second transfer function Umeasuring point(f) from step III, as well as a clamp-on, ultrasonic, flow measuring device, a method for ascertaining flow, a method for ascertaining a change of the measuring point and an identification device.

Method for ascertaining at least one pipe wall resonance frequency, as well as clamp-on, ultrasonic, flow measuring device

The invention relates to a method for determining a characteristic variable for evaluating a measuring arrangement comprising a clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeter and a tube on which the clamp-on ultrasonic flow meter is secured, and/or for evaluating the measuring operation of the measuring arrangement, characterized by the following steps: A providing parameters with respect to excitation signals generated by the clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeter; B providing sensor-specific data with respect to the acoustic characteristics of one or multiple ultrasonic transducers of the clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeter; C inputting data with respect to the tube material and the tube wall thickness, in particular by a user; D determining the characteristic variable from the parameters and data from steps A-C based on a mathematical model, as well as a computer program product and a clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeter.

Method, computer program product, and device for determining a characteristic variable for evaluating a measuring arrangement comprising a clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeter and a measuring tube

Stefan J. Rupitsch

Papers

A matched model-based synthetic aperture focusing technique for acoustic microscopy

Piezoelektrisches Energy-Harvesting in niederfrequenter Anregungsumgebung mittels kontaktbasierter Frequency-Upconversion

Characterization of Sensor and Actuator Materials

Method for ascertaining at least one pipe wall resonance frequency, as well as clamp-on, ultrasonic, flow measuring device

Method, computer program product, and device for determining a characteristic variable for evaluating a measuring arrangement comprising a clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeter and a measuring tube