One of the most significant advances in the development of computer science, information and communication technologies is represented by the cyber-physical systems (CPS). They are systems of collaborating computational entities which are in intensive connection with the surrounding physical world and its on-going processes, providing and using, at the same time, data-accessing and data-processing services available on the Internet. Cyber-physical production systems (CPPS), relying on the latest, and the foreseeable further developments of computer science, information and communication technologies on one hand, and of manufacturing science and technology, on the other, may lead to the 4th industrial revolution, frequently noted as Industrie 4.0. The paper underlines that there are significant roots in general – and in particular to the CIRP community – which point towards CPPS. Expectations towards research in and implementation of CPS and CPPS are outlined and some case studies are introduced. Related new R&D challenges are highlighted.

Cyber-physical systems in manufacturing

The ongoing digital transformation on industry has so far mostly been studied from the perspective of cyber-physical systems solutions as drivers of change. In this paper, we turn the focus to the changes in data management resulting from the introduction of new digital technologies in industry. So far, data processing activities in operations management have usually been organised according to the existing business structures inside and in-between companies. With increasing importance of Big Data in the context of the digital transformation, the opposite will be the case: business structures will evolve based on the potential to develop value streams offered on the basis of new data processing solutions. Based on a review of the extant literature, we identify the general different fields of action for operations management related to data processing. In particular, we explore the impact of Big Data on industrial operations and its organisational implications.

Data-driven operations management: organisational implications of the digital transformation in industrial practice

Industry 4.0 stands for the 4 th Industrial revolution and the new paradigm of autonomous and decentralized control in production. Products and production systems are enhanced to Cyber Physical Systems which have the capability to communicate with each other, to build ad-hoc networks and for self-control and self-optimization. From the IT-perspective this involves a new level of networking, data integration and data processing in production. Established technologies like Internet of Things, Cloud or Big Data are propagated solution-components of Industry 4.0. So far, there is no founded elaboration of IT-requirements and no differentiated discussion on how solution-components fulfil these requirements. This research uses the method of content analysis to extract requirements of Industry 4.0 from current research publications. Objective of analysis is a structured compilation of requirements regarding data processing. The resulting category scheme enables further development of solution-components in the application domain of Industry 4.0. Furthermore, this paper shows how the requirements can be matched to the capabilities of Big Data software solutions. As a result, two general use cases for Big Data applications in Industry 4.0 were identified and characterized.

Data Processing Requirements of Industry 4.0 - Use Cases for Big Data Applications

This work aims to review literature related to the latest cyber-physical systems (CPS) for manufacturing in the revolutionary Industry 4.0 for a comprehensive understanding of the challenges, approaches, and used techniques in this domain. Different published studies on CPS for manufacturing in Industry 4.0 paradigms through 2010 to 2019 were searched and summarized. We, then, analyzed the studies at a different granularity level inspecting the title, abstract, and full text to include in the prospective study list. Out of 626 primarily extracted relevant articles, we scrutinized 78 articles as the prospective studies on CPS for manufacturing in Industry 4.0. First, we analyzed the articles’ context to identify the major components along with their associated fine-grained constituents of Industry 4.0. Then, we reviewed different studies through a number of synthesized matrices to narrate the challenges, approaches, and used techniques as the key-enablers of the CPS for manufacturing in Industry 4.0. Although the key technologies of Industry 4.0 are the CPS, Internet of Things (IoT), and Internet of Services (IoS), the human component (HC), cyber component (CC), physical component (PC), and their HC-CC, CC-PC, and HC-PC interfaces need to be standardized to achieve the success of Industry 4.0.

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The challenges, approaches, and used techniques of CPS for manufacturing in Industry 4.0: a literature review

The world is assisting to the fourth industrial revolution, with several domains of science and technology being strongly developed and, specially, being integrated with each other, allowing to build evolvable complex systems. Data digitization, big-data analysis, distributed control, Industrial Internet of Things, Cyber-Physical Systems and self-organization, amongst others, are playing an important role in this journey. This paper considers the best practices from previous successful European projects addressing distributed control systems to develop an innovative architecture that can be industrially deployed. For this purpose, a particular design process has to be addressed in order to consider the requirements and functionalities from various use cases. To investigate the known practices, four use cases are enlighted in this paper, which cover a wide spectrum of the European industrial force, as well as industrial standards to support a smooth migration from traditional systems to the emergent distributed systems.

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Specification of the PERFoRM architecture for the seamless production system reconfiguration

Flexible and Modular Control and Manufacturing System

Flexible, Self-configuring Control System for a Modular Production System

Model-Based Systems Engineering for Machine Tools and Production Systems (Model-Based Production Engineering)

Automated Control System Generation Out of the Virtual Machine

Today's advanced machine tool and manufacturing system engineering uses mechatronic, system-based modular kits in order to offer machines and manufacturing systems economically. The market increasingly requires not only an economical production of machine tools or manufacturing systems, but also the latest technology, for example, an upgrade or exchange of mechatronic modules. This is economically not possible due to the state of the art. This paper will present how mechatronic engineering can be developed into an engineering using cyber-physical systems (CPS). It will also present how engineering of machine tools and manufacturing systems will change in the future und which concepts can be realized.

Stefan Scheifele

Papers

Flexible and Modular Control and Manufacturing System

Flexible, Self-configuring Control System for a Modular Production System

Model-Based Systems Engineering for Machine Tools and Production Systems (Model-Based Production Engineering)

Automated Control System Generation Out of the Virtual Machine

Engineering of machine tools and manufacturing systems using cyber-physical systems