https://www.endoexperience.com/documents/PetersetalRotaryArticle.pdf

Current Challenges and Concepts in the Preparation of Root Canal Systems: A Review

An initial investigation of the bending and torsional properties of nitinol root canal files

Cyclic fatigue testing of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments.

Apical periodontitis is a sequel to endodontic infection and manifests itself as the host defense response to microbial challenge emanating from the root canal system. It is viewed as a dynamic encounter between microbial factors and host defenses at the interface between infected radicular pulp and periodontal ligament that results in local inflammation, resorption of hard tissues, destruction of other periapical tissues, and eventual formation of various histopathological categories of apical periodontitis, commonly referred to as periapical lesions. The treatment of apical periodontitis, as a disease of root canal infection, consists of eradicating microbes or substantially reducing the microbial load from the root canal and preventing re-infection by orthograde root filling. The treatment has a remarkably high degree of success. Nevertheless, endodontic treatment can fail. Most failures occur when treatment procedures, mostly of a technical nature, have not reached a satisfactory standard for the control and elimination of infection. Even when the highest standards and the most careful procedures are followed, failures still occur. This is because there are root canal regions that cannot be cleaned and obturated with existing equipments, materials, and techniques, and thus, infection can persist. In very rare cases, there are also factors located within the inflamed periapical tissue that can interfere with post-treatment healing of the lesion. The data on the biological causes of endodontic failures are recent and scattered in various journals. This communication is meant to provide a comprehensive overview of the etio-pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and the causes of failed endodontic treatments that can be visualized in radiographs as asymptomatic post-treatment periapical radiolucencies.

Pathogenesis of Apical Periodontitis and the Causes of Endodontic Failures

Clinical Implications and Microbiology of Bacterial Persistence after Treatment Procedures

Introduction: An Historic Perspective PART ONE: The Art of Endodontics Diagnostic Procedures Orofacial Dental Pain Emergencies: Endodontic Diagnosis and Management Nonodontegenic Orofacial Pain and Endodontics: Pain Disorders Involving the Jaws that Simulate Odontalgia Case Selection and Treatment Planning Preparation for Treatment Armamentarium and Sterilization Tooth Morphology and Cavity Preparation Cleaning and Shaping the Root Canal System Obturation of the Cleaned and Shaped Root Canal System Records and Legal Responsibilities. PART TWO: The Science of Endodontics Pulp Development, Structure and Function Periapical Pathology Endodontic Microbiology and Treatment of Infections Instrument Materials and Devices Pulpal Reaction to Caries and Dental Procedures PART THREE: Related Clinical Topics Traumatic Injuries Endodontic-Periodontic Interrelationships Endodontic Pharmacology Surgical Endodontics Management of Pain and Anxiety Bleaching Nonvital and Vital Discoloured Teeth Restoration of the Endodontically Treated Tooth Pediatric Endodontics Geriatric Endodontics Nonsurgical Endodontic Retreatment Digital Technologies in Endodontic Practice CONCLUSION: Tomorrow Challenge

Stephen Cohen

Papers

Pathways of the Pulp