This article examines ISO 31000-2009, also referred to as ANSI/ASSE Z690.2, the second of a trio of standards dealing with the concept of Risk. In our first review (Luko 2013) risk management terminology was reviewed. The terminology documents, ISO Guide 73 and ANSI/ASSE Z690.1-2011, were found to be identical and contained all of the risk vocabulary used in the subsequent two standards. In the present review, the second of the trio of standards concerning risk is treated. The general topic of this standard is risk management principles and guidelines.

Risk Management Principles and Guidelines

Many climate change adaptation efforts aim to address the implications of potential changes in the frequency, intensity, and duration of weather and climate events that affect the risk of extreme impacts on human society That risk is determined not only by the climate and weather events (the hazards) but also by the exposure and vulnerability to these hazards Therefore, effective adaptation and disaster risk management strategies and practices also depend on a rigorous understanding of the dimensions of exposure and vulnerability, as well as a proper assessment of changes in those dimensions This chapter aims to provide that understanding and assessment, by further detailing the determinants of risk as presented in Chapter 1 

The first sections of this chapter elucidate the concepts that are needed to define and understand risk, and show that risk originates from a combination of social processes and their interaction with the environment (Sections 22 and 23), and highlight the role of coping and adaptive capacities (Section 24) The following section (25) describes the different dimensions of vulnerability and exposure as well as trends therein Given that exposure and vulnerability are highly context-specific, this section is by definition limited to a general overview (a more quantitative perspective on trends is provided in Chapter 4) A methodological discussion (Section 26) of approaches to identify and assess risk provides indications of how the dimensions of exposure and vulnerability can be explored in specific contexts, such as adaptation planning, and the central role of risk perception and risk communication The chapter concludes with a cross-cutting discussion of risk accumulation and the nature of disasters

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Determinants of risk: Exposure and vulnerability

The U.S. commercial space launch industry has changed considerably since the enactment of the Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004. FAA is required to license or permit commercial space launches, but to allow the space tourism industry to develop, the act prohibited FAA from regulating crew and spaceflight participant safety before 2012—a moratorium that was later extended but will now expire on September 30, 2015. Since October 2014, there have been three mishaps involving FAA licensed or permitted launches.

美聯邦航空廳(Federal Aviation Administration)의 航空機 製作檢査 制度의 現況

The risk concept—historical and recent development trends

A review of cyber security risk assessment methods for SCADA systems

This article is the third and final in a series of three related articles dealing with the concept of risk. In the previous two articles, ISO 31000-2009 (ANSI Z690.2-2011) on Risk Management Principles and Guidelines and ISO Guide 73 (ANSI X690.1-2011) on Risk Management Terminology were reviewed. This third article examines ISO 31010-2009 or the ANSI equivalent version, ANSI Z690.3-2011. These standards deal with risk assessment techniques and attempt to catalog a set of general techniques and methods useful in the assessment and analysis of risk.

Risk Assessment Techniques

Three new standards related to the risk concept appeared in January 2011. These standards are an adoption by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) of an ISO suite of documents developed in conjunction with the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) concerning risk vocabulary, risk management, and risk assessment techniques. This article describes International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Guide 73 (2009), Risk Management Terminology, and its American National Standards Institute (ANSI) equivalent Z690.1 (2011). A future article will review the Principles and Guidelines ANSI/ASSE Z690.2 (2011) and Assessment Techniques ANSI/ASSE Z690.3 (2011) documents.

Stephen N. Luko

Papers

Risk Management Principles and Guidelines

Risk Assessment Techniques

Risk Management Terminology