Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism.

Thank you very much for downloading modern applied statistics with s. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite readings like this modern applied statistics with s, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop. modern applied statistics with s is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the modern applied statistics with s is universally compatible with any devices to read.

Modern Applied Statistics With S

As use of Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) for model selection has become increasingly common, so has a mistake involving interpretation of models that are within 2 AIC units (ΔAIC ≤ 2) of the top-supported model. Such models are <2 ΔAIC units because the penalty for one additional parameter is +2 AIC units, but model deviance is not reduced by an amount sufficient to overcome the 2-unit penalty and, hence, the additional parameter provides no net reduction in AIC. Simply put, the uninformative parameter does not explain enough variation to justify its inclusion in the model and it should not be interpreted as having any ecological effect. Models with uninformative parameters are frequently presented as being competitive in the Journal of Wildlife Management, including 72% of all AIC-based papers in 2008, and authors and readers need to be more aware of this problem and take appropriate steps to eliminate misinterpretation. I reviewed 5 potential solutions to this problem: 1) report all model...

https://wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1937-2817.2010.tb01236.x

Uninformative Parameters and Model Selection Using Akaike's Information Criterion

Nature And Properties Of Soils

(1991). Applied Linear Regression Models. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 76-77.

Applied Linear Regression Models

An understanding of children’s environmental orientations is of critical importance as opportunities for authentic contact with nature diminish. Current instruments for measuring children’s environ...

Construction and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Environmental Orientations in a Diverse Group of Children

http://srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/ja_hein003.pdf

Site-occupancy of bats in relation to forested corridors

Abundance, diversity, and richness of herpetofaunal species were compared between burned and unburned bottomland hardwood stands at Di-Lane Plantation Wildlife Management Area (WMA) in Burke County, Georgia, from July to October 2001. Two trap clusters, each consisting of a drift fence pitfall array, four coverboards, and three polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe refugia, were randomly placed within each of three burned and three unburned stands. Habitat variables were measured within a 0.04-ha circular plot centered on each trap cluster. A total of 346 individuals, representing 21 species, was captured in 348 array nights. Amphibian abundance, diversity, and richness were similar between burned and unburned stands. Reptile abundance and diversity were greater in burned stands, whereas reptile species richness was similar between burned and unburned stands. Winter burns did not significantly affect coarse woody debris volumes between burned and unburned stands and may have accounted for similar amphibi...

Effects of prescribed fire on herpetofauna in bottomland hardwood forests

Control of mid-sized mammalian predators (hereafter, mesopredators) is sometimes advocated in an attempt to reduce their impact on wildlife populations, particularly economically important (i.e., game) or endangered species. However, mesopredators may play a role in regulating small mammal populations; thus, lethal control of mesopredators may have unintended consequences. The hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus; hereafter, cotton rat) is one of the most common small mammals in the southeastern United States and is an important prey species for several of the region's predators. Within fire-maintained communities, such as the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forests of the Coastal Plain, cotton rat populations dramatically, yet temporarily, decline following prescribed fire. To evaluate the effects of mesopredator removal on cotton rat survival and cause-specific mortality, we conducted a large-scale mesopredator exclusion experiment that incorporated a prescribed fire during the winter of study. Between 18 May 2006 and 20 June 2007, we used radio-telemetry to monitor 252 cotton rats (131 in exclosures and 121 in controls) and documented 184 mortalities. During the 37-week period of monitoring prior to the prescribed fire event, weekly survival of cotton rats was greater in mesopredator exclusion plots. During the 19 weeks following the prescribed fire, there were no differences in weekly survival relative to mesopredator treatment, but fire caused a short-term reduction in weekly survival within both exclosures and controls. Of 36 cotton rats monitored on the date of prescribed fire, 18 were depredated within 1 month, 4 emigrated, and 5 were killed by the fire event. Overall, raptors preyed on cotton rats more in exclosures than in controls, but evidence for compensatory predation (raptor-caused morality greater in exclosures than in controls although survival rates were similar between treatments) only occurred following the prescribed fire event. Our results suggest that managing mesopredators may result in a temporary increase in cotton rat survival, but dormant season prescribed fire removes this effect until well into the following growing season.

https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-wildlife-management/volume-75/issue-4/jwmg.110/Effects-of-Mesopredators-and-Prescribed-Fire-on-Hispid-Cotton-Rat/10.1002/jwmg.110.pdf

Effects of Mesopredators and Prescribed Fire on Hispid Cotton Rat Survival and Cause-Specific Mortality

Bats likely incorporate multi-scale criteria when selecting roost sites, which may change across different landscapes. During summers 2002 and 2003, we used radiotelemetry to investigate day-roost selection of evening bats (Nycticeius humeralis) at multiple scales in mature longleaf (Pinus palustris; natural) and intensively managed loblolly pine (P. taeda; managed) landscapes in the Gulf Coastal Plain of Georgia, USA. We used Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to evaluate models describing roost-site selection at the tree, plot, stand, and landscape scales. Evening bats on the natural site selected day-roosts based on tree, plot, and landscape characteristics, but bats on the managed site selected day-roosts only at the tree and plot scale. We hypothesize that greater availability of roosting structures (i.e., abundant large trees and snags) throughout the natural site allowed evening bats to select day-roosts that had favorable landscape characteristics (i.e., closer to water and foraging sites), possibly providing benefits from reduced commuting costs. On the managed site, the relatively young age structure of stands resulted in less-abundant roosting structures throughout the landscape, resulting in selection only at the tree and plot scales. Evening bats appeared to select day-roosts that provide energetic benefits when landscape conditions permitted, however, replicated studies are needed to examine the relationship between energetics and roost availability. Land management on pine landscapes of the southeastern United States that promotes large trees, retention of snags, and an open midstory appears to provide abundant roost structures for evening bats. On managed landscapes, roost sites for evening bats may be provided by retention of forked-topped pines in managed stands and by allowing maturation and senescence of trees in set-aside areas, such as streamside management zones, to promote snag and cavity formation.

Steven B. Castleberry

Papers

Construction and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Environmental Orientations in a Diverse Group of Children

Site-occupancy of bats in relation to forested corridors

Effects of prescribed fire on herpetofauna in bottomland hardwood forests

Effects of Mesopredators and Prescribed Fire on Hispid Cotton Rat Survival and Cause-Specific Mortality

Multi‐Scale Roost‐Site Selection by Evening Bats on Pine‐Dominated Landscapes in Southwest Georgia