Body Image: A Handbook of Theory, Research, and Clinical Practice

World Population Prospects, the 2010 Revision: Estimation and projection methodology

Background: Menstruation is generally considered as unclean in the Indian society. Isolation of the menstruating girls and restrictions being imposed on them in the family, have reinforced a negative attitude towards this phenomenon. There is a substantial lacuna in the knowledge about menstruation among adolescent girls. Good hygienic practices such as the use of sanitary pads and adequate washing of the genital area are essential during menstruation. Menstrual hygiene and management will directly contribute to the Millennium Development Goal (MDG)-2 on universal education and MDG -3 on gender equality and women empowerment. Aim and Objectives: To assess the knowledge and the practices of menstrual hygiene among rural and urban school going adolescent girls. Materials and Methods: A community based, cross sectional study was conducted in January- March, 2011 on 387 school going girls. The present study was undertaken among adolescent school going girls in the field practice area of the Rural Health Unit and Training Centre, Saoner, in the Nagpur district. Three hundred and eighty seven girls of the 8th and 9th standards were purposively selected for the study. A pre-designed, pretested and structured questionnaire was used in the study. The data collection technique was a personal interview of the study subjects. Results: Only 36.95% of the girls were aware of menstruation before menarche. The major source of information about menstruation for them was found to be their mothers. More than three fourth of the girls in the study were not aware of the cause and the source of the bleeding. A majority of them had knowledge about the use of sanitary pads. The mean age of menarche in the study subjects was 12.85 ± 0.867 years; sanitary pads were used by 49.35% of the selected girls. The practice of the use of old clothes was reported in 45.74% of the subjects. Satisfactory cleaning of the external genitalia was practised by 33.85% of the girls. Three fourth of the study girls practised various restrictions during menstruation. Some menstrual hygiene indices have shown a significant difference in the rural and urban girls. Conclusion: A variety of factors are known to affect menstrual behaviours, the most influential being economic status and residential status (urban and rural). Awareness regarding the need for information about healthy menstrual practices is very important. It is essential to design a mechanism to address and for the access of healthy menstrual knowledge.

Menstrual Hygiene: Knowledge and Practice among Adolescent School Girls of Saoner, Nagpur District

The author has done a Herculean job of interviewing more than 1000 Japanese women over 20 years. The inquiries were to establish what knowledge these women had about the menopause and the symptoms they experienced. Women from all walks of life were included. Each chapter has a theme, and narratives from selected women are included to describe and emphasize the point being made. Statistics are detailed in one chapter, and the rest of the book is devoted to narrative description. A detailed picture of life in Japan evolves from this. Changes in society are well outlined, allowing one to better understand how the nuclear family is evolving and the problems that have resulted. Information is given about the position of various members of the family and the extended family. Emphasis is placed in this narrative on the role of women—their work habits and daily living experiences, particularly during the midlife

Encounters With Aging: Mythologies of Menopause in Japan and North America

わが国における"Care in normal birth : a practical guide" の実態 : 有床診療所の調査

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Menopausal Problems Among Rural and Urban Women From Eastern India

This paper presents a global review of research done on adolescent eating behaviours and food choices and the probable factors underlying it. Worldwide adolescent girls tend to develop moderate to high level of disordered eating behaviour as a result of their excessive concern with body weight or obsession with thinness. The objective of the review is to understand the concerns over body weight and the current eating patterns of adolescent girls in the developed and developing countries.

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Eating Behaviours and Body Weight Concerns among Adolescent Girls

Background: It has been observed that menstrual characteristics are generally influenced by lifestyle, socio-cultural and biological factors.Aim: The present study examines: (a) variation in menstrual characteristics between rural and urban adolescents; and (b) whether these characteristics can be predicted from various socio-economic variables related to place of residence.Subjects and methods: The sample of the present study constituted 715 adolescent girls from rural (325) and urban (390) areas of West Bengal, a State of India. These girls belong to a Bengali-speaking Hindu ethnic group. Data on socio-economic variables and menstrual characteristics were collected using pretested questionnaires.Results: Rural and urban adolescents differed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with respect to age at menarche, skipped and irregular cycles, premenstrual syndrome, duration of menstrual discharge, mean number of days of peak discharge and problems related to menstrual discharge. Place of residence was found to ...

Menstrual characteristics: a study of the adolescents of rural and urban West Bengal, India.

The present study attempts to find out the distribution of superficial fungal infection with respect to socio-economic and demographic variables among a symptomatic group (112 individuals) in West Bengal. Moreover, an attempt has also been made to find out the risk factors associated with the superficial fungal infection type. The results show that Tinea corporis is the most common infection type and the risk factors associated with this infection are age, occupational types, history of prior corporis infection and unexposed parts of the body.

A Study on Superficial Fungal Infection from West Bengal: A Brief Report

Objective. To find out the association of menopause-specific quality of life of women with both working status and duration of postmenopausal years. Study design. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 250 postmenopausal women belonging to Bengalispeaking Hindu ethnic group, aged 47‐62 years in the city of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The participants were literate, living in wedlock with at least one surviving child, attained natural menopause at least two years ago and have never taken hormone replacement treatment. Menopause-specific quality of life was measured using a self-administered standard questionnaire (Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire, or MENQOL). MENQOL consisted of 29 menopausal symptoms (items) that are grouped under four domains. Additional information on sociodemographic aspect and reproductive history of the participants were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Main outcome measures. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that menopause-specific quality of life decreases with the increase in duration of postmenopausal years. Although bivariate analysis demonstrated that working women had a better menopause-specific quality of life than their non-working counterpart, multivariate linear regression model did not corroborate to this finding. Conclusion. Duration of postmenopausal years had a significant association with menopause-specific quality of life of women.

Subha Ray

Papers

Menopausal Problems Among Rural and Urban Women From Eastern India

Eating Behaviours and Body Weight Concerns among Adolescent Girls

Menstrual characteristics: a study of the adolescents of rural and urban West Bengal, India.

A Study on Superficial Fungal Infection from West Bengal: A Brief Report

Menopause-specific quality of life of urban women in West Bengal, India.