Intelligent energy facilities, e.g., smart grids and microgrids are the evolution of traditional energy grids through digital transformation. These modern paradigms are expected to foster the utilization of renewable energies, sustainable development, and resilience of the power grid. A barrier found when deploying experimental smart grids and microgrids consists of handling the heterogeneity of the required hardware and software components as well as the available commercial equipment. Despite the fact that there is various architecture proposed in previous literature, it commonly lacks experimental validation, specification of involved equipment concerning industrial/proprietary or open-source nature, and concretization of communication protocols. To overcome such drawbacks, this paper proposes an innovative multi-layered architecture to deploy heterogeneous automation and monitoring systems for microgrids. The architecture is structured into six functional layers to organize the hardware and software equipment in an integrated manner. The open protocol Modbus TCP is chosen to harmonize communications, enabling the interconnection of equipment from industrial and energy scopes, indeed of open-source nature. An experimental photovoltaic-based smart microgrid is reported as the application case to demonstrate the suitability and validity of the proposal.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/4/2234/pdf

Innovative Multi-Layered Architecture for Heterogeneous Automation and Monitoring Systems: Application Case of a Photovoltaic Smart Microgrid

Adaptive overcurrent protection scheme suitable for station blackout power supply of nuclear power plant operated through an integrated microgrid

MXene-wrapped ZnCo2S4 core–shell nanospheres via electrostatic self-assembly as positive electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors

Novel intelligent multi-agents system for hybrid adaptive protection of micro-grid

Modeling and open source implementation of balanced and unbalanced harmonic analysis in radial distribution networks

Application of integrated microgrid for strengthening the station blackout power supply in nuclear power plant

Application of PLC based smart microgrid controller for sequential load restoration during station blackout of nuclear power plants

In this paper, large Induction Motor Pump Set (IMPS) of capacity (4 x 1 MW) in a Sea Water Desalination Plant (SWDP) has been chosen for operating through an Integrated microgrid (IMG). The solar, emergency diesel generator set and utility grid are interconnected together to form an IMG for providing continuous power to the SWDP. The main objective is to investigate the transient stability of IMG during normal operation and fault situations under ongrid and islanded mode. One simulation case study has been carried out on the proposed IMG by performing load flow and transient analysis by adopting accelerated Gauss-seidel method in ETAP software (version- 16.0.0). Based on the analysis, it is found that rate of change of frequency as well as transient overload faults are the major huddle for operation of IMPS in IMG. So the frequency drive based soft starter for starting of such IMPS.

Subhakanta Khatua

Papers

Adaptive overcurrent protection scheme suitable for station blackout power supply of nuclear power plant operated through an integrated microgrid

Application of integrated microgrid for strengthening the station blackout power supply in nuclear power plant

Application of PLC based smart microgrid controller for sequential load restoration during station blackout of nuclear power plants

Transient Stability Analysis of Large Capacity Induction Motor- Pump Sets Operated Though an Integrated Microgrid

A dynamic hybrid protection scheme for on-site emergency power system operated through an integrated microgrid during station blackout in NPP