Dynamics of Phononic Materials and Structures: Historical Origins, Recent Progress, and Future Outlook

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on variational and related methods for the overall properties of composites. A wide range of phenomena that are observable macroscopically are governed by partial differential equations that are linear and self-adjoint. This chapter is concerned with such phenomena for materials, such as fiber-reinforced composites or polycrystals, whose properties vary in a complicated fashion from point to point over a small, “microscopic” length scale, while they appear “on average” (that is, relative to the larger, macroscopic scale) to be uniform. This chapter treats the elastic behavior of composites, and emphasizes that a number of other properties (conductivity, viscosity of a suspension, etc.) are described by the same equations. Extensions to viscoelastic and thermoelastic behavior are presented, for both of which the variational characterization given is believed to be new. Problems, such as the resistance to flow of viscous fluid through a fixed bed of particles are mentioned, and a model problem that involves diffusion is presented in some detail. This displays the same difficulty in relation to divergence of an integral and is one problem of this type that has so far been approached variationally. Methods related to the Hashin–Shtrikman variational principle are also described in the chapter.

Variational and Related Methods for the Overall Properties of Composites

Preface Acknowledgments 1. Introduction 2. Dispersion principles 3. Unbounded isotropic and anisotropic media 4. Reflection and refraction 5. Oblique incidence 6. Waves in plates 7. Surface and subsurface waves 8. Finite element method for guided wave mechanics 9. The semi-analytical finite element method (SAFE) 10. Guided waves in hollow cylinders 11. Circumferential guided waves 12. Guided waves in layered structures 13. Source influence on guided wave excitation 14. Horizontal shear 15. Guided waves in anisotropic media 16. Guided wave phased arrays in piping 17. Guided waves in viscoelastic media 18. Ultrasonic vibrations 19. Guided wave array transducers 20. Introduction to guided wave nonlinear methods 21. Guided wave imaging methods Appendix A: ultrasonic nondestructive testing principles, analysis and display technology Appendix B: basic formulas and concepts in the theory of elasticity Appendix C: physically based signal processing concepts for guided waves Appendix D: guided wave mode and frequency selection tips.

Ultrasonic Guided Waves in Solid Media

The paper provides a state of the art review of guided wave based structural health monitoring (SHM). First, the fundamental concepts of guided wave propagation and its implementation for SHM is explained. Following sections present the different modeling schemes adopted, developments in the area of transducers for generation, and sensing of wave, signal processing and imaging technique, statistical and machine learning schemes for feature extraction. Next, a section is presented on the recent advancements in nonlinear guided wave for SHM. This is followed by section on Rayleigh and SH waves. Next is a section on real-life implementation of guided wave for industrial problems. The paper, though briefly talks about the early development for completeness,. is primarily focussed on the recent progress made in the last decade. The paper ends by discussing and highlighting the future directions and open areas of research in guided wave based SHM.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0964-1726/25/5/053001/pdf

Guided wave based structural health monitoring: A review

Ultrasonic guided wave inspection is expanding rapidly to many different areas of manufacturing and in-service inspection. The purpose of this paper is to provide a vision of ultrasonic guided wave inspection potential aswe move forward into the new millennium. An increased understanding of the basic physics and wave mechanics associated with guided wave inspection has led to an increase in practical nondestructive evaluation and inspection problems. Some fundamental concepts and a number of different applications that are currently being considered will be presented in the paper along with a brief description of the sensor and software technology that will make ultrasonic guided wave inspection commonplace in the next century.

A Baseline and Vision of Ultrasonic Guided Wave Inspection Potential

Dispersion of guided waves in a cross-ply laminated plate has been studied here using a stiffness method and an exact method It is shown that the number of laminae strongly influences the dispersion behavior Further, it is found that when the number of laminae is sufficiently large, then the dispersion behavior can be predicted by treating the plate as homogeneous with six stiffness constants obtained by using an effective modulus method

Wave propagation in a multilayered laminated cross-ply composite plate

A Self-Consistent Approach to Multiple Scattering by Elastic Ellipsoidal Inclusions

Diffraction of two dimensional elastic waves by a cylindrical cavity in a half‐space is considered in this paper. The paper is divided into two parts. In the first part we use an integral representation for the scattered displacement field to derive its asymptotic behavior at large distances from the cavity. We also give a formal derivation of the representation of the displacement field in terms of multipolar potentials. In the second part we use a method of matched asymptotic expansions to calculate the scattered field. Numerical results are presented for the surface displacements due to Rayleigh waves scattered by a circular cylindrical cavity.

Diffraction of elastic waves by cylindrical cavity in a half‐space

Harmonic waves in a periodically laminated medium

In this paper, dispersion of guided waves in a three-layered sandwich plate is considered. The focus here is on a configuration consisting of a thin anisotropic layer sandwiched between two identical isotropic layers. This configuration could model, for example, a superconducting tape where the middle layer is a brittle superconductor and the surrounding layers are isotropic and ductile. An approximate dispersion relation correct to O(h) governing the guided waves is obtained by expanding the field inside the thin middle layer in powers of the small thickness h of the layer. Numerical examples are given for two specific systems with superconducting middle layers. Some characteristic features, particularly at low frequencies, are investigated. Comparison between the exact and approximate dispersion relations are made to show that the approximation works well in the frequency interval of interest. The characteristic features may be useful for ultrasonic measurements of the anisotropic elastic constants of the thin layer.

Subhendu K. Datta

Papers

Wave propagation in a multilayered laminated cross-ply composite plate

A Self-Consistent Approach to Multiple Scattering by Elastic Ellipsoidal Inclusions

Diffraction of elastic waves by cylindrical cavity in a half‐space

Harmonic waves in a periodically laminated medium

On ultrasonic guided waves in a thin anisotropic layer lying between two isotropic layers