Preparation, characterization, solution properties and rheological behaviour of polyacrylamide

Mechanism, kinetics and modelling of inverse-microsuspension polymerization: 2. Copolymerization of acrylamide with quaternary ammonium cationic monomers

The free radical copolymerization of 1,3-bis(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)-2-propylmethacrylate dichloride (di-M) with acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (Q), diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC), and acrylamide (A) yielded novel polyelectrolytes and allowed for assessing the inﬂuence of the charge density and charge location on the monomer reactivity. Copolymerizing di-M and Q, two monomers with comparable chemical structure but differing by factor two in the number of charges, the reactivity of Q was higher than the reactivity of di-M. However, the difference diminished with increasing ionic strength. Despite 4-fold less cationic charge per monomer unit length, the reactivity of DADMAC was much lower than the reactivity of di-M. This clearly demonstrates the dominating inﬂuence of the location of the growing radical. The difference of the reactivity ratios for di-M/A was less than for di-M/Q. At low di-M fraction in the di-M/A monomer feed, di-M was even preferred. Decreasing intrinsic viscosity with increasing di-M fraction in the di-M/A monomer feed conﬁrmed the electrostatic inﬂuence on the copolymer chain propagation. The counterion activity correlates well with the linear average charge density. However, deviation from theoretical values suggests the impact of the charge distribution.

Copolymerization of a Cationic Double-Charged Monomer and Electrochemical Properties of the Copolymers

Basic features of homogeneous free-radical polymerization of acrylamide in solutions are discussed. Various methods of polymerization initiation are considered. Kinetic parameters of polymerization and the molecular mass of polymer are shown to depend on the nature of the solvents, pH of the medium, complexing agents, surfactants, viscosity, temperature, and side reactions. Some technological specificalities of the process are analyzed.

Homogeneous Polymerization of Acrylamide in Solutions

The kinetics of cyclopolymerization of N,N' -methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) was carried out using peroxydisulfate ion as initiator. The rate of polymerization, Rp, was found to be proportional to [M] and [S2O8 2-]1/2 for the uncatalyzed system. A cyclopolymerization mechanism was found to fit the experimental results. The k21/kt 1/2 value for MBA polymerization was evaluated. Evidence in favor of the cyclopolymerization mechanism is provided. The addition of Ag ion enhances Rp.

Cyclopolymerization initiated by peroxydisulfate ion and metal ion catalysis

The kinetics of polymerization of acrylamide initiated by potassium peroxodisulfate, in the presence and absence of Ag(I) and Cu(II) ions, was studied. The rate law for the polymerization was established. Cu(II) ions were found to reduce both the rate and degree of polymerization.

Peroxo salts as initiators of vinyl polymerization, 1. Effect of Ag(I) and Cu(II) on the polymerization of acrylamide initiated by peroxodisulfate ions

Subramania pillai P. Manickam

Papers

Peroxo salts as initiators of vinyl polymerization, 1. Effect of Ag(I) and Cu(II) on the polymerization of acrylamide initiated by peroxodisulfate ions